第7章 活士道歉信 修辭傾盆而出
Tiger Woods swings a rhetorical apology
關育健
2010年2月19日,著名哥爾夫球手活士召開記者招待會,向傳媒和公眾致歉。一般美國的媒體均描繪那篇道歉辭為emotionally charged,即表示其言詞充滿感情色彩。
活士遣詞用字,真情流露,各個方面更勝前美國總統克林頓那篇有關桃色醜聞的道歉聲明。道歉辭一開首,活士便妙用了英語修辭技巧中的“首語重複”(Anaphora),以加強說話的語氣,如:Many of you in this room are my friends. Many of you in this room know me. Many of you have cheered for me。這種重複運用某個詞語的技巧,不斷重複的那個詞語通常較淺顯易明,能讓讀者一聽就明白,再聽便聲聲入耳。活士演辭中,這種手法屢見不鮮,又如:
(1)I have let you down. I have let down my friends;
(2)I understand people have questions. I understand the press wants to ask me for the details and the times I was unfaithful. I understand people want to know whether Elin and I will remain together;
(3)I owe it to my family to become a better person. I owe it to those closest to me to become a better man.
看過這篇演辭的讀者,如果能夠記得活士文中其他的重複語,那活士便算成功了。
此外,活士更活用了英語修辭技巧中的“對偶句”(Antithesis),簡明扼要地指出兩個句子之間對立的地方,大大加強了說話語氣,如:
(1)As Elin pointed to me,my real apology to her will not come in the form of words;it will come from my behavior over time;
(2)I once heard,and I believe it's true,it's not what you achieve in life that matters;it's what you overcome.
活士的道歉中,更扣人心弦的,莫過於適切地運用了一些層次更高的詞語,令讀者聽來精神為之一振之餘,更覺活士用詞匠心獨運,且看:
(1)It angers me that people would fabricate(揑造)a story;
(2)There has never been an episode(情節)of domestic violence in our marriage;
(3)Thirteen years ago,my dad and I envisioned(展望)helping young people achieve their dreams through education;
(4)Elin has shown enormous grace and poise(原意是“優雅姿態”,這裡指Elin“非常鎮定,沉著應付”)throughout this ordeal.
最後,活士在演辭末段中,更用上一詞多義的技巧,引發讀者自然聯想,以博取終極同情與憐愛,如:
Finally,there are many people in this room(房間)… I ask you to find room(空間)in your heart to one day believe in me again.
各位女士、“粉絲”、哥爾夫球的球迷,你們會不會因為活士這篇演辭,因而願意在心靈中騰出小小空間,讓自己重新向活士投以信任的一票呢?
Language Box
修辭學
修辭學(Rhetoric)在西方世界中源遠流長,由亞里士多德發展起來,曾撰寫《修辭的藝術》一書。修辭的目的是運用語言藝術,來達致說服別人的效果。當中,具體可分三種主要的說服法:以德服人(ethos)、以情服人(pathos)、以理服人(logos),後兩者跟我們中國諺語不謀而合:動之以情、說之以理。
Liberal Studies Box
英語也有對偶
修辭格(Rhetorical Devices)種類繁多,名家的演講辭是最好的教材。在著名的《蓋茲堡演說》(Gettysburg Address)林肯就這樣說“The world will little note,nor long remember what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.”。他就利用了“對偶法”(Antithesis)來加強表達的語氣。