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参考文献
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第三章 肾囊性病变
肾脏囊性病变在影像学上被定义为病灶内全部被液体填充,或病灶大部分被液体填充,囊性成分占病变组织的一半以上。以往此类疾患由于体积较小常无明显症状,不易引起患者及医生注意而不被发现。随着超声、CT及MRI广泛应用,诊断出这类病变的病例明显增多。其中,以肾单纯囊肿最为常见,其次为多囊肾病,再次为较少见的囊性肾疾患,约6%无症状肾囊性肿物为囊性肾癌。肾脏良性囊性肿物表现各异,通过影像学诊断肾脏囊性病变难度较大,但掌握不同病变病理生理学特征,借助超声、CT、MRI多平面重组及增强检查,可为多种病变的鉴别诊断提供依据。本章将介绍大多数肾脏先天和后天的囊性病变,而将感染性囊性病变、肾盂肾盏憩室和囊性肾癌归类于本书相应章节内描述。