珠海市香洲区小学六年级英语测试评价报告

一、基本情况介绍

本次测试英语试卷根据《新课程标准》二级目标进行命题，命题内容主要依据桂诗春教授主编的《新交际英语》第一册至第八册（重点是第七和八册）。本次考试注重考查学生综合运用语言的能力，力求做到全面和客观地反映学生对语言知识的掌握情况。

由于各校已经根据本校情况进行了口试，本次考试的重点是检测考生的听、读和写的能力。试卷分为听力和读写两大部分（共10道题），总分100分；其中听力部分占30分，读写部分占70分。

表1：香洲区小学六年级英语水平检测基本情况一览表

二、学生答卷情况分析

为了直观和科学地分析测试结果，笔者从吉莲小学4个班中的每个班分别随机抽取14份试卷，共抽取56份试卷，然后利用SPSS统计软件进行分析，分析结果见表2和图1。

表2：抽样的整体得分情况：

图1：得分人数比例：

说明：3.00:85——100分的考生人数比例（53人）

2.00:70——84分的考生人数比例 （1人）

1.00:60—69分的考生人数比例 （2人）

从以上数据可以看出，本次测试学生分数分布比较集中。

三、试题评价

1． 试题的效度

一项测试的好坏，首先要看它的效度（validity）。效度是指测试是否测到了设计者想要考的内容。看图配词与转达信息本应该反映出对语言的理解和对语言运用的两个不同层次。然而，本次检测中读写综合部分第8题（转达信息）其实属于看图配词，第4题在更大程度上属于转达信息。

2．转达信息 仔细阅读下列图画，并根据图画选出合适的单词完成下列描述。（10%）

morning lovely two sisters night

Hi, everyone! I am Mimi. I am three months old. I have______ sisters. Mum takes good care of us. Every ______, we get up late, and have milk for our breakfast. I love milk very much. Every ______ we sleep in the warm bed. I often play with my ______. My mum often says I am a ______baby.

转达信息（information transfer）可以较全面地检测学生的阅读理解和运用能力。第8题并不能很好地体现学生转达信息的能力，因为学生可以不用看图，单凭所给单词就可以完成。所以说， 第4题才是“转达信息”。

4．看图配词 看图，阅读句子，并选用相应词语填入对应的横线上。（10%）

sister brother mother grandfather husband wife

Look! This is David's family tree. Can you tell me who they are?

(1 ) Sue's grandfather is Terry.

(2 ) May is David's ___________.

(3 ) May's ___________ is Jeff.

(4 ) Terry is Diana's ____________.

(5 ) May is Jeff's _____________.

(6 ) May's __________ is Diana.

另外，笔者认为第4题可以针对测试对象做以下调整：学生首先阅读David的家庭成员介绍，然后要求学生根据介绍完成David's family tree，即把阅读内容中家庭成员的名字填写在正确的位置上，这样更加适合六年级学生完成。

同样，测试中听音辨图与听音排序也应该属于两个不同的层次，这样才能体现分层递进，由易到难的原则。听音辨图主要考查学生对句子，即独立信息点的理解，而听音排序应考查学生对连贯句子即语篇的理解。但测试中的这两道题并没有很清晰地体现这两个层次：

听音辨图，给你所听到的图片编号，录音放两遍。（10%）

Model: (1) A: What does this sign mean?

B: We can walk across the zebra crossing here.

3． 听音排序 听录音，给下面的图排顺序，录音放两遍。（10%）

Model: (1) Bob played basketball yesterday.

第3题主要是考查学生对动词的掌握情况，每幅图之间并没有内在联系（见听力内容）。可见，第1题与第3题其实都是考查学生对独立句子的理解。要避免这两道题的雷同，可以给第3题创设一个情景：“下面的同学报名参加了学校举行的技能比赛，听录音，你知道他们的比赛次序吗？请你根据他们的次序写编号。”听力内容可以相应地改为：

Good morning, welcome to our show. This morning, Bob, a basketball player from our school team, is going to shoot. Jack is going to draw…

另外，为了避免学生只听到名字就做出判断，影响效度， 建议名字不出现在卷面上。

2．试题的信度

评价测试质量的第二个指标是测试的信度（reliability）。信度是指考试结果的稳定性和可靠性。写作测试属于主观性测试，会影响评分结果。本次测试的看图作文通过给学生提供参考材料，限制写作内容、体裁、长度，这样一来易于评分，从而提高写作测试的信度。

检验测试信度的其中一种方法是试题分半法，即计算两半所得分数的相关性。笔者把56人每人每题的得分输入电脑，采用SPSS 12.0 的信度分析功能得出总测试卷的信度系数（见表5）。从表5可看出，信度系数为0.798，这表明整份试卷的可信度较强。

表5：测试卷的信度系数

3．试题的难度和区分度

表示题目特征的两个指标是题目的难度和区分度。计算客观性试题难度公式为：FV=R/N。 其中R 表示答对该题的考生人数，N为考生总人数。整个测试平均难度值的理想指标应为0.5，难度值在0.7至0.3之间的题目都可接受(Heaton, 2000)。《新课程标准》提出，在小学阶段，我们应该把激发学生的学习兴趣、帮助学生建立自信放在首位，所以在测试中，平均难度值可做适当调整。表6是每题的难度值（第10题为主观题）。

表6：测试卷每题的难度值

从表中可以看出，第3题很容易，1、2、5题较容易，4、6、8、9容易，第7题不太容易，整体情况与珠海市香洲区教科培中心定位的0.90左右基本符合。

区分度指一个题目区分考生能力的程度。如果考试中一道较难的题，水平高的学生都答对了，水平低的学生都答错了，这道题的区分能力就强。区分度指数可以在+1至-1之间，指数越靠近+1，区分度越高。但考虑到小学生的语言学习目标，降低试卷的区分度也是合理、科学的做法。下面是每题区分度：

表7：测试卷每题的区分度

从表中可看出，整份试卷的区分度是可以接受的。区分能力最强的一道题是看图作文，这是因为该题是一项综合性能力较强的测试，它不仅测试学生的词汇、语法，而且还考察到学生的表达能力和语言组织能力。

四、试题得以认可和肯定的方面

（1）试卷通过图示、对话、信件、故事、晨报介绍等，为学生提供了较完整的语境，接近实际生活。

（2）题型多样、形式活泼，题令简洁明了，再加上MODEL的说明，学生可以很容易地理解题目的要求，这一点对于小学生尤其重要。

（3）大部分题目不设计太大的坡度或难度，顾及了绝大多数的学生群体，真正起到了评估促教学而非甄别的作用。

五、试题需要反思和改善的方面

试题中的第1、3、5题即听录音给图写编号、听录音排顺序、看图配句可以考虑多一幅图，第9题补全对话可以设计多一句选项，这样可以避免学生机械地对号入座。

六、今后教学建议

老师们在日常的教学中重视语言知识的同时，要培养学生用语言做事的能力，通过创设语境，鼓励学生积极运用所学英语进行表达和交流。学生的单词拼写尚存在较明显的问题，教师在平时教学中可通过词汇联想策略、拼读策略等帮助学生进行巩固。

附：

试题和听力部分

说明：考试时间60分钟，满分100分。A=85-100, B=70-84, C=60-69, D=59或以下。

听 力 部 分

1．听音辨图 听录音，给你所听到的图片下的括号内编号，录音放两遍。 (10%)

Model: (1) A: What does this sign mean?

B: We can walk across the zebra crossing here.

2．听辨句子 听录音，选择你听到的信息，将答案的编号填在题前的括号里，录音放两遍。(10%)

Model: (1) A: Hello, Peter. Who is the boy in the picture?

B: It's my new friend, Jack.

( A ) (1) Who is Peter's new friend?

A. Jack.

B. Tom.

( ) (2) What tree are they talking about?

A.A peach tree.

B.An apple tree.

( ) (3) What does David like?

A. Maths.

B. P.E.

( ) (4) Where is Tom?

A. In the garden.

B. In the shop.

( ) (5) Was John born in England?

A. Yes

B. No.

( ) (6) What is Tim's favourite flower?

A. Sunflower.

B. Rose.

3．听音排序 听录音，给下面的图排顺序，录音放两遍。 (10%)

Model: (1) Bob played basketball yesterday.

读 写 综 合 部 分

4．看图配词 看图， 阅读句中的句子，并选用相应词语填入对应的横线上。(10%)

sister brother mother grandfather husband wife

Look, This is David's family tree. Can you tell me who they are?

(1) Sue's grandfather is Terry.

(2) May is David's_______.

(3) May's ________ is Jeff.

(4) Terry is Diana's ______.

(5) May is Jeff's ________.

(6) May's_______is Diana.

5．看图配句 看图阅读对话，将对话与相应的图配对，并将对话的序号填入对应图的框号内。 (10%)

Lilly: Where were you born Dad?

Dad: I was born in Zhuhai.

(2) Lilly: Where did you study, Dad?

Dad: I studied in Qinghua University.

(3) Lilly: When did you meet Mum?

Dad: I met your mum in 1985 in Sydney.

Lilly: Who's that little girl?

Dad: It's you, when you were a baby.

Lilly: Did I begin my school life in 1993?

Dad: Yes. You began your school life in Zhuhai.

6．短文理解 仔细阅读小短文，选择最佳答案，将答案的编号填在题前的括号里。（10%）

Dear Dad and Mum，

I am very happy in London. Lily and her family are good to me.

Every Monday, Lily and I go to the beach. Every Friday, Lily goes to the library. She likes reading English books. Lily's brother, Kenny, likes drawing very much. He has a drawing lesson on Fridays.

Last Friday, Lily did not go to the library and Kenny did not have his drawing lesson. They went on a picnic with me. We had a very good time.

Love，

Windy

( ) (1) This is a letter from ______.

A. Windy

B. Lily

( ) (2) Windy is now in ______.

A. England

B. the USA

( ) (3) Lily and Windy go to the beach on _______.

A. Monday

B. Friday

( ) (4) Kenny likes ______ .

A. reading

B. drawing

( ) (5) Windy and Kenny ________ last Friday.

A. had a drawing lesson

B. went on a picnic

7．故事理解 看图阅读小故事，并根据故事内容判断句子对错。对的写T，错的写F。（10%）

( T ) (1) Last Sunday, Mr. Baker and his two children, Sam and Sue went to the park. They were very happy.

( ) (2) They were near the river. There were four ducks in the river. They were happy too.

( ) (3) Sam was very hungry. He had a very big apple. He gave one to his sister, Sue.

( ) (4) Sue gave some food to the ducks. Sue was nice and the ducks were very happy.

( )(5) Oh! Sue was in the river then. She couldn't swim. Mr. Baker helped her get out of water.

( ) (6) Sue thanked Mr. Baker. Mr. Baker was happy.

8．转达信息 仔细阅读下列图画，并根据图画选出合适的单词完成下列描述。（10%）

morning night two sisters lovely

Hi, everyone! I am Kitty. I am three months old. I have _______________ sisters. Mum takes good care of us. Every _______________, we get up late and have milk for our breakfast. I love milk very much. Every _______________ we sleep in the warm bed. I often play with my _______________. My mum often says I am a _______________ baby.

9．补全对话 Katy和奶奶在看照片。根据情景从所给的选项中选出恰当的句子补全对话。（10%）

Mum: Look at this picture. This is me.

Katy: Really! (1) C ?

Mum: I was born in Zhuhai.

Katy: (2) _______

Mum: I was born in 1965.

Katy: (3) _______

Mum: No. It was only a fishing village.

Katy: (4) _______

A.Was Zhuhai a city then?

Mum: I could see some old houses.

B.What was the life like then?

Katy: (5) _______

C.Where were you born, Mum?

Mum: It was very small.

D.When were you born then?

Katy: (6) _______

E.Was Zhuhai big or small?

Mum: We had a hard life.F.What could you see in the village?

10．看图作文 发自热爱家乡之情，你和你的同伴想为英语晨报写一篇介绍。请参考你同伴对旧照片的描述，用40——50个单词左右完成对珠海新貌的描述。要求：语句通顺，标点正确，书写清晰规范。（10%）

I love Zhuhai

Zhuhai is my hometown. Many years ago, it was a fishing village. There were only some old houses on the beach. Many people were fishermen and farmers. In 1965, my grandparents moved to America. People lived a hard life in the old days.

Today Zhuhai is a____________________________________

附听力内容

1．听音辨图 ，给你所听到的图片编号，录音放两遍。

Model：

(1) W: What does this sign mean?

M: We can walk across the zebra crossing here.

(2) W: What does this sign mean?

M: We can take the pedestrian bridge.

W: What does this sign mean?

M: We can walk here.

W: What does this sign mean?

M: There is no right turn.

M: What does this sign mean?

W: We cannot walk here.

M: What does this sign mean?

W: We can ride here.

2．听辨句子，选择你听到的信息，将答案填在题前的括号里， 录音放两遍。

Model：

(1) W: Hello, Peter. Who is the boy in the picture?

M: It's my new friend, Jack.

Question: Who is Peter's new friend?

W: What tree is it?

M: It's a peach tree.

Question: What tree are they talking?

W: What's the matter, David? M: I'm not good at maths. I like P.E.

Question: What does David like?

W: Where is Tom watering flowers?

M: In the garden.

Question: Where is Tom?

W: Where were you born, John?

M: In the USA.

Question: Was John born in England?

W: What flower do you like best, Tim?

M: Sunflower.

Question: What is Tim's favourite flower?

3．听音排序 听录音，给下面的图排顺序，录音放两遍。

Model：

(1) Bob played basketball yesterday.

(2) Tim went running last Sunday.

(3) Jack is drawing a picture now.

(4) John likes flying kites.

(5) Tom can swim very well.

(6) David is playing football now.

本文原刊载于：中小学外语教学（小学篇）2005年第11期，收录于此略有改动