国际课程生物核心词汇
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210 damage/ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v.破坏

n.破坏;损失;损失赔偿金

61频

break (v.)

fire damage火灾损失

High temperature can damage cell membranes.高温会破坏细胞膜。

211 damp/dæmp/ adj.潮湿的

n.湿气;潮湿

7频

damp cloth湿布

Cover with a damp paper towel to prevent the sample from drying out.用湿纸巾盖住,以防样品变干。

212 darkness/ˈdɑːknəs/ n.黑暗;暗色

6频

in the darkness在黑暗中

These eyeless cavefish live in caves that are in total darkness.这些盲眼洞穴鱼生活在完全黑暗的洞穴里。

213 data/ˈdeɪtə/ n.数据;材料;资料

304频

data analysis数据分析

The medical researchers made two conclusions based on the data shown in the table.医学研究人员根据表中的数据得出了两个结论。

214 death/deθ/ n.死亡;灭亡,毁灭

41频

the death of plans计划的毁灭

Suggest how saxitoxin results in the death of a whale.请说明石房蛤毒素是如何导致鲸鱼死亡的。

215 debt/det/ n.债务;负债(状态);人情

10频

a country's foreign debt一个国家的外债

The researchers also measured the oxygen debt that was built up when a lizard was running.研究人员还测量了蜥蜴奔跑时累积的氧负债。

216 decay/dɪˈkeɪ/ v.&n.腐烂,腐朽;衰败

6频

tooth decay蛀牙

Some fungi may cause food decay.有些真菌可能导致食物腐烂。

217 decimal/ˈdesɪml/ adj.小数的;十进位的

n.小数

14频

decimal system十进制

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.答案精确至小数点后两位。

218 decrease/dɪˈkriːs/ n.&v.降低,减少

128频

decrease in sales销量的减少

Explain the increase in the length of the cells following the decrease in pH of the cell walls.请解释细胞壁pH值降低后细胞长度增加的原因。

219 deduct/dɪˈdʌkt/ vt.扣除,减去

61频

deduct sth. from sth.(从总量中)扣除,减去

A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.答错不扣分。

220 defect/ˈdiːfekt/ n.缺陷,缺点

/dɪˈfekt/ v.背叛,倒戈

6频

hearing defect听力缺陷

What effect would this defect have on the blood circulatory system?这种缺陷会对血液循环系统造成什么影响?

221 defence/dɪˈfens/ n.防御;辩护;防守

12频

the Ministry of Defence国防部

Which statement concerning the defence in the body against infectious disease is not correct?关于身体对传染病的防御,哪种说法是不正确的?

222 deficiency/dɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n.缺乏;缺点;不足额

9频

defect

vitamin deficiency维生素的缺乏

Plants need phosphates and a deficiency inhibits cell division and root growth.植物需要磷酸盐,缺乏磷酸盐会抑制细胞分裂和根的生长。

223 define/dɪˈfaɪn/ vt.解释(词语)的含义;阐明;界定

16频

account

define the term解释术语

例 Define the term ecosystem.请解释“生态系统”的含义。

224 degrade/dɪˈɡreɪd/v.降解;使退化;侮辱……的人格

8频

degrade the environment使环境退化

These chemicals quickly degrade into harmless compounds.这些化学物质很快就会降解成无害的化合物。

225 delay/dɪˈleɪ/ v.推迟,延缓

n.推迟的时间;延迟

5频

a delay of two hours两小时的延迟

Many couples are delaying having their first child.许多夫妻推迟了生育第一胎的时间。

226 deliver/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ vt.输送;交付;发表(讲话)

7频

deliver a speech发表讲话

Compared to when they were non-smokers, the ability of people who smoke tobacco to deliver oxygen to their body tissues is reduced.与不吸烟时相比,吸烟的人向身体组织输送氧气的能力有所降低。

227 demonstrate/ˈdemənstreɪt/ v.证明;表现;示威游行

12频

demonstrate against the war进行反战示威游行

Which observations demonstrate that they carried out the correct tests?哪些观察结果证明他们的测试是正确的?

228 dependent/dɪˈpendənt/ adj.取决于……的;依靠的;有瘾的

164频

be dependent on sth.取决于某事(物);对某事(物)有瘾

Identify the independent and dependent variables in this investigation.说出该项调研的自变量和因变量。

229 deposit/dɪˈpɒzɪt/ n.沉淀物,沉积物;存款

vt.使沉积

12频

coal deposits煤藏

The enzyme lysozyme secreted from tear glands forms deposits on contact lenses.泪腺分泌的溶菌酶在隐形眼镜上形成沉淀物。

230 depth/depθ/ n.深度;(颜色的)浓度;(感情的)深厚

50频

in depth深入地,详细地

Samples were taken at different depths of soil.样本是从不同的土壤深度采集的。

231 derive/dɪˈraɪv/ v.源于;获得

7频

acquire

derive pleasure from painting从绘画中获得乐趣

Restriction enzyme is originally derived from bacteria.限制性内切酶最初来源于细菌。

232 describe/dɪˈskraɪb/ vt.描述;称为;形成……形状

998频

describe A as B把A称为B

例 Describe the structure of a nucleus.请描述细胞核的结构。

233 design/dɪˈzaɪn/ n.设计;意图

v.设计;筹划

5频

computer-aided design计算机辅助设计

State how this experimental design helps to ensure the reliability of the results.请说明此实验设计对结果的可靠性有什么样的帮助。

234 desire/dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ v.渴望,期望

n.愿望;欲望

5频

the desire for sth.对某事或某物的渴望

Explain why, in gene technology, a promoter needs to be transferred along with the desired gene.请解释为什么在基因技术中启动子需要与目的基因一起转移。

235 destroy/dɪˈstrɔɪ/ vt.消灭;摧毁,破坏

9频

break, damage

destroy vitamin C破坏维生素C

A cell structure in the macrophage destroys bacteria.巨噬细胞中的细胞结构可以消灭细菌。

236 detail/ˈdiːteɪl/ n.细节

vt.详述;派遣

14频

go into details详细叙述,逐一说明

The inner and outer membranes of the mitochondrion differ in the detail of their membrane components.线粒体的内膜和外膜在膜成分上有些细节不同。

237 detect/dɪˈtekt/ vt.查出,发现;发觉

17频

detect tumours检测肿瘤

Glucose in urine can be detected using a biochemical test.尿液中的葡萄糖可用生化测试进行检测。

238 determine/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt.确定;决定;是……的决定因素

91频

determine the cause查明原因

A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an organism.测交用于确定生物的基因型。

239 develop/dɪˈveləp/ v.患(病);发展;开发

71频

develop new software开发新软件

Some people who move to live at high altitudes can develop chronic mountain sickness.搬到高海拔地区居住的人可能会患上慢性高原病。

240 deviation/ˌdiːviˈeɪʃn/ n.偏差;违背,离经叛道

36频

a deviation from the plan违背计划

Explain why the investigators calculated the standard deviation of the results for each person.请解释为什么研究人员要对每个人的结果都计算标准差。

241 diagnosis/ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ n.诊断;(问题原因的)判断

13频

diagnosis of lung cancer确诊肺癌

Explain the advantages of the use of monoclonal antibodies, compared with conventional methods, in the diagnosis of disease.请解释与传统方法相比,用单克隆抗体进行疾病诊断的优势。

242 diagram/ˈdaɪəɡræm/ n.示意图,简图,图表

686频

circuit diagram电路图

The diagram shows a cell of an organism formed by reduction division.该图展示了通过还原分裂所形成的生物细胞。

243 dietary/ˈdaɪətəri/ adj.膳食中的;有关饮食的

5频

dietary habits饮食习惯

Lipase is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas that catalyses the hydrolysis of dietary lipids.脂肪酶是一种由胰腺分泌的消化酶,能催化膳食脂肪的水解。

244 differ/ˈdɪfə(r)/ vi.不同;持不同看法

31频

A differs from B A与B不同

Explain how the structure of mRNA differs from the structure of DNA.请解释mRNA的结构与DNA的结构有何不同。

245 dimension/daɪˈmenʃn/ n.大小;程度;方面

6频

aspect

political dimension to environmental issues环境问题的政治因素

The dimensions of viruses are usually stated in nanometres (nm).病毒的大小通常以纳米(nm)表示。

246 dioxide/daɪˈɒksaɪd/ n.二氧化物

431频

sulfur dioxide二氧化硫

Describe the role of carbonic anhydrase in the transport of carbon dioxide.请描述碳酸酐酶在二氧化碳运输中的作用。

247 dip/dɪp/ v.浸;下沉

n.药浴液;(暂时的)下降

17频

dip A into B将A浸入B中

Rinse the outside of the dialysis tubing by dipping it into the water in the container labelled V.将透析管浸入V容器的水中,清洗透析管外壁。

248 direction/daɪˈrekʃn/ n.方向;趋势;目标

63频

under the direction of sb.在某人的指导下

The arrows show the direction of blood flow in the vessels.箭头表示血管中血液流动的方向。

249 disc/dɪsk/ n.圆盘;(计算机)磁盘;椎间盘

30频

slip a disc椎间盘错位

A circular disc of pink colour appeared and spread through the agar.粉红色圆盘状物体形成,并在琼脂中扩散开来。

250 disclosure/dɪsˈkləʊʒə(r)/ n.披露,揭露

172频

information disclosure信息披露

Any public disclosure of this information would be very damaging to the company.以任何形式公开披露此信息都会对公司造成很大损失。

251 discontinue/ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjuː/ vt.停止,终止

6频

discontinue the treatment终止治疗

In 2005, the newer insecticide, deltamethrin, was used instead and the use of malathion was discontinued. 2005年,人们改用新型杀虫剂溴氰菊酯,不再使用马拉硫磷。

252 discover/dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ vt.发现;查明;发掘(人才)

15频

detect

the first European to discover America第一个发现美洲大陆的欧洲人

In 2013, the Pandoravirus was discovered which has a diameter of approximately 1,000 nm. 2013年,发现了直径约为1,000纳米的潘多拉病毒。

253 discuss/dɪˈskʌs/ vt.论述,详述;讨论

52频

detail

discuss sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事

例 Discuss the potential advantages of growing genetically modified crops.请论述种植转基因作物的潜在优势。

254 dish/dɪʃ/ n.培养皿;盘;菜肴

52频

glass dish玻璃盘

Each Petri dish was covered by a lid.每个皮氏培养皿都盖着一个盖子。

255 disorder/dɪsˈɔːdə(r)/ n.疾病;混乱;骚乱

12频

public disorder公众骚乱

Some genetic disorders can be treated with gene therapy.某些遗传病可以通过基因疗法进行治疗。

256 displace/dɪsˈpleɪs/ vt.置换;迫使(某人)离开家园;移动

6频

be displaced by被……所取代

Which substances could displace oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin?哪些物质可以置换氧合血红蛋白中的氧?

257 display/dɪˈspleɪ/ vt.表现;展示

n.展览;表演

5频

demonstrate (vt.)

window display橱窗陈列

Half of the islanders displayed symptoms of asthma.一半的岛上居民表现出哮喘症状。

258 dissociate/dɪˈsəʊsieɪt/ v.解离;分离;表明与……没有关系

5频

dissociate A from B将A与B分开;声明A与B没有关系

When oxyhaemoglobin reaches respiring tissues, it dissociates to release oxygen.氧合血红蛋白到达呼吸组织时会发生解离,释放氧气。

259 dissolve/dɪˈzɒlv/ v.溶解;解除;消散

6频

dissolve in sth.溶解于某物中

The water potential of a solution depends on both the concentration and the type of molecule dissolved.溶液的水势取决于溶解分子的浓度和类型。

260 distilled/dɪsˈtɪld/ adj.由蒸馏得来的

166频

distilled product蒸馏物

Put some distilled water in another tube.往另一个试管中放入一些蒸馏水。

261 distinct/dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj.不同种类的;明显的;确定无疑的

14频

a distinct advantage明显的优势

Explain how these animals could evolve into two distinct species.请解释这些动物是如何进化成两个不同的物种的。

262 distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v.区分;使有别于;使出众

16频

differ

distinguish between A and B区分A和B

Which feature distinguishes starch from glycogen?淀粉和糖原有什么区别?

263 distribution/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n.分布;分发;分销

41频

the distribution of wealth财富分配

The figure shows the worldwide distribution of malaria.该图显示了疟疾在全球的分布情况。

264 divergence/daɪˈvɜːdʒəns/ n.差异;分歧

6频

substantial divergence of opinion重大意见分歧

Suggest why there is more divergence in some regions of DNA than in others.说明为什么DNA某些区域的差异比其他区域多。

265 division/dɪˈvɪʒn/ n.分裂;分歧;部门

159频

divergence

divisions between rich and poor贫富差异

Which are features of nuclear division?核分裂有哪些特点?

266 domestic/dəˈmestɪk/ adj.家的,驯养的;国内的

n.家佣

17频

domestic flights国内航班

A variety of domestic cat does not have a tail.许多家猫没有尾巴。

267 dormant/ˈdɔːmənt/ adj.休眠的;蛰伏的

10频

dormant volcano休眠火山

HIV can remain in a dormant state within infected immune system cells for many years.艾滋病病毒可以在被感染的免疫系统细胞内保持多年的休眠状态。

268 dosage/ˈdəʊsɪdʒ/ n.剂量

8频

a high/low dosage大/小剂量

Do not exceed the recommended dosage.请勿超过推荐剂量。

269 dose/dəʊs/ n.一剂;一次;一份

vt.……服药

35频

a lethal dose致死剂量

People who have swallowed ethylene glycol are treated with large doses of ethanol.吞食乙二醇需要通过大剂量的乙醇进行治疗。

270 drain/dreɪn/ v.排出;消退

n.下水道;消耗

10频

consumption (n.)

a drain on sth.对某物的消耗

Explain why crop yields are often significantly reduced even after the flood water has drained away.请解释为什么即使在洪水排光后,农作物的产量仍然经常会大幅下降。

271 droplet/ˈdrɒplət/ n.小滴

10频

droplets of sweat汗珠

例 Droplets of water form at the edge of leaves of plants growing in conditions of soil with high water content and air with high humidity.在含水量高的土壤和空气湿度高的环境中生长的植物,其叶片边缘会有水滴形成。

272 drought/draʊt/ n.干旱;旱灾,久旱

11频

two years of severe drought两年的严重旱灾

Suggest which of the three species of fruit tree has been described as‘drought-resistant’and would be economical to grow in areas where water is scarce.请说出这三种果树中哪一种被称为“抗旱”植物并且在缺水地区种植更经济。

273 dry/draɪ/ adj.干旱的;干燥的;枯燥的

v.(使)变干

9频

the dry season旱季

Both sorghum and maize are important food crops in dry regions of the world.高粱和玉米都是干旱地区的重要粮食作物。