2　Terms

2.0.1　mineral processing

Mineral processing is the process to enrich one or more valuable minerals using the differences among the physical properties，chemical properties or physio-chemical properties of various minerals.

2.0.2　ore

The ore is the rock that contains valuable minerals and has value for mining.

2.0.3　mineral

The mineral is the natural elementary substance or compound that has specific chemical composition，physical and chemical properties.It is the elementary unit of rock and ore.

2.0.4　raw ore

The raw ore is the one that is mined from mines without being processed by using mineral processing and other technology.

2.0.5　concentrate

The concentrate is the product that is obtained from raw ore after mineral processing operation with high content of useful component.

2.0.6　tailing

The tailings are the products obtained after mineral processing operation with low content of useful component.

2.0.7　middling

The middling is the intermediate product that is obtained after roughing with the content of useful component between concentrate and tailings，and required for further treatment.

2.0.8　grade

The grade is the mass fraction of certain component（such as element，compound and mineral，etc）in ore or beneficiated product，and commonly expressed using percentage or grams per ton.

2.0.9　yield

The yield is the percentage of the beneficiated product mass out of feeding ore mass.

2.0.10　recovery rate

The recovery rate is the percentage of certain useful component mass in the product out of the mass of this component contained in the feeding ore.

2.0.11　pre-beneficiation

The pre-beneficiation is the process of separating waste rock from ores before the grinding operation.

2.0.12　separation

The separation is the process of separating minerals from ores，also known as sorting.

2.0.13　roughing

The roughing is the operation or process to preliminarily separate the raw ores.

2.0.14　cleaning

The cleaning is the operation to carry out enrichment or impurity removal for roughing concentrate，or separating various useful components from mixed concentrate.

2.0.15　scavenging

The scavenging is the operation to further recycle the useful components from the roughing tailings.

2.0.16　operation rate of equipment

The operation rate of equipment is the percentage of the actual equipment operation hours out of total calendar hours.