Unit 2 段落的练习

分析下面的段落分别属于哪种类型。

1．There are many books in my father's study room, including all aspects. They are neatly arranged in three rows on the shelves. There is also a big table in the study, and my father often works there. There is only one computer on the table, but my father never allows me and my sister to play with it. However, my father sometimes accompanies us to study. The study room is always clean, which is due to my mother. She cleans it every day. I really love the study room.

2．Two female employees of the personnel department resigned for marriage yesterday, and the personnel department became very busy. The personnel manager, Peter decided to issue information on the Internet in order to employ at least two staff. They require that the candidates should have two years of work experience or above, and shouldn't have any criminal records. The personnel manager hopes to complete the recruitment work in one week.

3．This book is of great significance to me. First, it is a gift my best friend Anna sent me ten years ago when I was in bed for illness. At that time, I was very depressed and lost the desire for life. Anna gave me this book to tell me to be brave to overcome the disease. Finally I succeeded. Second, this book's novelist is my favorite, and I have the similar experience with the protagonist inside, which makes me feel very cordial. And what the most important is there is an autograph of the writer on the cover of this book.

4．There is a large stone gate of the park on which is the introduction and a road map of the park. As you enter the park you can see a musical fountain. It will eject various shapes of huge water column with the music in the evening. There is a garden in the right of the fountain in which there are hundreds of flowers, including roses, peonies, tulips, lilies, roses and so on. These flowers bloom in different seasons, so people can come to take a look at them any time. In the left of fountain is a large bamboo woods, and the bamboos have been at least 5 years old. In the summer, people will definitely come here. The park is a very good leisure place.

5．For decades, the environmental pollution and extreme climate have a great influence on people's lives. Air pollution is a major feature of environmental pollution. Air pollution increases the probability of human suffering from respiratory diseases. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 1 million people worldwide each year suffering from respiratory disease, even pulmonary tuberculosis. Extreme climate caused by climate change not only threatens people's life and health, but also destroy the ecological balance to some extent. In some areas even the planting environment has changed.

6．Lily, your task is to make a statistical report within three hours, and give it to the sales manager. Linda, your work is to call 50 of the company's regular customers to collect feedback, and make report. David, you need to drive Mr. Steve to the airport, and to purchase office supplies on the way back. As for Sophia, you will go along with me to attend the meeting. You should make a note of the meeting.

7．The electronic products indeed provide great convenience for us, making the dream of knowing the world in the room come true. We can do a lot of work by using a mobile phone, such as communication, ordering, traveling, shopping and so on. What's more, all kinds of electronic products make our life more rich and colorful. We can browse the information and watch the video without going out. However, the negative impact brought by electronic products should not be overlooked. The electronic games provided by developers make young people addicted to the games, and even abandon their studies. Long-time browsing electronic page has made human vision rapidly decline.

8．Last August, the chemical factory was closed down for dumping chemical pollutants into the river. That is to say, the factory went bankrupt. Thus, thousands of employees in the factory were laid off. All these workers are young people near the city, and they had to find new work after the factory's failure. But because there were so many people, they can't find a job in a short period of time. They also found that the work place they once worked was one of the reasons for the new units to decide whether they would be hired.

9．The development of electronic books is far beyond people's imagination. The e-book is portable and easy to search. A small reader can hold all the books we want to read in the short, which saves a lot of time of handling books. According to the survey, 70% of people think that e-books make them have more desires to read. Especially the electronic product search function can help us quickly find the book we want to read, which is really convenient. Although the e-book develops fast, it still has a lot of space for improvement. E-books can't take the place of paper books in a short period of time.

10．How do we lose weight quickly and effectively? Many women would choose to eat less and do more exercise to stay in shape. Nutritionists believe that food calories and fat are key factors in gaining weight. To reduce calorie intake and eat less greasy foods can help lose weight. Having fresh fruit and vegetables instead of high protein and high calorie food is what we can do to lose weight. In addition to food, exercise is also very important. Doing exercise every day, such as jogging, walking, yoga, and dancing can help ruduce body fat. A healthy diet combined with exercise will bring a better result.

参考答案

1．总分总型段落

解析 该段落的第一句就是主旨句，即：爸爸的书房里包含各方面的书。接下来都是在描述书房里的事物，以及在书房里发生的事。如：桌子，电脑，爸爸不允许我们在里面玩，爸爸陪我们学习，书房很干净。段落的结尾则是对前面的内容进行了概括，即：我真喜欢这个书房。

2．因果型段落

解析 该段落的第一句提到公司的两名员工辞职了，后文紧接着提到人事部经理决定招聘至少两名员工，并且提到了招聘要求，后文还提到人事部经理希望在一周内结束招聘工作，由此可知员工辞职是招聘员工的原因，该段落是因果型段落。

3．总分型段落

解析 该段落的第一句提到了“这本书对我有很重要的意义”，接下来依次按照First, Second, And what the most important这三个方面来详细陈述了这一主旨，而且结尾处并没有对段落进行总结，由此可判断该段落是总分型段落。

4．分总型段落

解析 该段落是对事物方位进行了描述，从公园的大门、公园内的温泉、温泉右侧的花园到左侧的竹林依次进行了详细的描述，段落的结尾处“这个公园是一个好的休闲场所。”是对整个段落的概括总结，所以该段落是分总型段落。

5．总分型段落

解析 该段落的第一句提到“过去十年，环境污染和气候变化问题对人们的生活影响非常大”，紧接着从空气污染致使了人们患呼吸道疾病的概率增加、极端气候威胁人们的生命和健康、种植环境发生变化来进行了详细描述，所以该段落是总分型段落。

6．并列型段落

解析 该段落的关键信息是几个不同的人物，即Lily, Linda, David, Sophia，他们在接受不同的工作任务，彼此之间是相互独立并列的关系，因此该段落是并列型段落。

7．转折型段落

解析 在阅读该段落的前半部分时，很容易理解为总分型段落，因为前半部分从电子产品的具体用途对第一句作了解释。在段落的后半部分出现了转折词汇However，后文是对电子产品的负面效应进行了描述，所以该段落是转折型段落。

8．因果型段落

解析 该段落的第一句提到了工厂倒闭的事情，紧接着提到“上千名员工下岗了”，后面均是围绕着失业员工寻找新工作的事情展开的，由此可判断工厂倒闭是因，找工作是果，所以该段落是因果型段落。

9．转折型段落

解析 该段落主要描述了电子书的发展，前半段都是针对电子书籍的发展快以及发展成果来进行详细描述，但是在后半段出现了明显的转折词Although，所以该段落是转折型段落。在英语中although不能和but一起出现，但是翻译成汉语时，需把but的含义翻译出来。

10．总分总型段落

解析 该段落的第一句并没有完全体现主旨，而第二句则是完全展开了后文，也是本段主旨句。而且段落的结尾一句是对第二句主旨句的高度概括。所以该段落是总分总型段落。