深圳福田河与中心公园生态景观及水系综合整治THE COMPREHENSIVE IMPROVEMENT OF THE LANDSCAPE AND WATER SYSTEM OF SHENZHEN FUTIAN RIVER AND CENTRAL PARK

项目位置：中国广东省深圳市

项目规模：1590ha

设计公司：深圳市北林苑景观及建筑规划设计院、深圳市水务规划设计院

Location: Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

Size: 1,590ha

Design Firm: Shenzhen BLY Landscape & Architecture Planning & Design Institute, Shenzhen Water Planning & Design Institute

福田河为深港界河深圳河的支流，位于深圳市中心区，北起梅林坳，依次穿越梅林、笔架山公园、中心公园，沿福田南路在皇岗口岸东部汇入深圳河。河道流域面积15.9km2，主干流全长6.8km。改造前河道防洪能力较低，且河槽为生硬的“三面光”水泥工程做法，既不生态，也与周边环境尤其与流经的公园相分离。同时，部分河道护砌损坏严重，水质发黑污染严重且生态性、景观性、亲水性差。

2005年，面对福田河存在的诸多问题，同时在对中心公园历史保留的大片果林的改造之际，市政府决定对福田河进行全面、系统地综合治理，解决福田河水污染严重、防洪能力低、生态景观不佳等问题，使其成为中心公园有机的组成部分，营造优美的自然水岸风景。

福田河的整治以生态治理为指导思想，以满足河道防洪要求为前提，通过截排污水和初期雨水、利用再生水补水、中水再净化、坡岸生态覆绿等措施，强化雨水蓄积与下渗，缓解洪涝危害。同时，改善河流水质，恢复河道生态景观功能，使生态与防洪两者兼顾，将“海绵城市”的设计理念充分运用到整个河道建设中。通过打造宜人的滨水休闲空间，使福田河成为中心公园的生态水景，为市民营造亲水、赏水、玩水的环境，满足市民亲近自然与赏景游憩的需求。

提高河道防洪能力

基于福田河重要的地理位置，规划通过在河道流经的中心公园园区内设置一定面积的滞洪区来解除洪水对福田河沿线城区的威胁，将防洪能力提高到百年一遇的水平。

滞洪区的设置结合公园的总体规划，迁走原有果林，开挖地形形成低洼地，洼地的一部分成为公园的疏林草地，另一部分再挖深成为公园的湖泊，这样不仅可解除百年一遇的洪水威胁，又可成为公园的湿地景观，使“海绵城市”的技术理念得以充分体现。

改善河道水质

福田河采用“初雨收集管涵+分散调蓄池+河道污水泵站或初雨抽排泵站”的方案，对河道进行污水截流，保证河水的水质。通过管涵截流两岸难以分流的少量污水并将初期雨水送到滨河污水处理厂，使处理后的中水回补河道，降低河道中的污染物浓度，促进水体交换，增强河道的自净能力。同时，在笋岗西路以南的滞洪湖泊中增加湿地生态岛，再次净化补入河道的中水，使水质达到景观用水的标准，保证河道的水质与水源满足河道的观赏性水体要求。

恢复自然生态水岸

为恢复河流的自然生态属性，对坡岸和河床进行生态景观改造。在满足河流的防洪功能的同时，改变原有线形单一的河道岸线，丰富河道断面，形成浅滩和深水，营造生物多样性的环境条件；拆除已有浆砌石或混凝土硬质护底，并将部分拆除的石头处理后干摆于河床，使雨水下渗，加强与周围环境的交换，营造流态的多样性，构筑河床水生动物的多元化栖息空间。

福田河综合整治是深圳市政府实施的一项民心工程，也是深圳市水环境整治重点工程之一。它不仅使河道的生态景观功能得以全面恢复，回归自然的雨水蓄积与渗透，重构“海绵基底”，还有效地将河道的防洪标准提高到百年一遇的水平。南北纵贯笔架山公园与中心公园的福田河，成为联系两大公园的纽带，共同构建城市中心区的生态景观走廊。

如今，福田河沿线波光潋滟，流水潺潺，草木茏葱，鸟语花香；昔日令人掩鼻的“臭水沟”已水清岸绿，重现自然生机。

Futian River is in the east of CBD of Shenzhen. It is a tributary of Shenzhen River and originates from Meilinao, a hilly area in the north of Shenzhen. Futian River goes across Shangmeilin, Bijiashan Park and Central Park. It goes along Binhe Avenue and flows into Shenzhen River in the east of Huanggang Port. It has a linear flow pattern, with a length of 6.8 kilometers and a watershed area of 15.9 square kilometers. Before renovation, part of the river channel of Futian River has been severely damaged, which leads to poor flood protection and a loss of biodiversity. The water is also badly polluted.

In 2005, the Shenzhen Government decided to launch a program to upgrade FutianRiver, which would help to solve its existing problems and the renovation of the existing orchard in Central Park. The upgrade aimed at improving the water quality and flood prevention of Futian River and increasing its biodiversity, which would create a beautiful riverfront landscape and make Futian River an organic composition of Central Park.

We devise an improvement strategy of “greening and humanization” after taking the ecological management and the flood control function of the river bank into consideration. We manage to restore the ecological diversity by building “talking with the river” waterfront recreation zone, improving the water quality by intercepting sewage, recycling the rainwater and landscape greening. That makes the Futian River a place where citizens can be close to nature.

Improve the flood control capacity of Futian River

Set a certain area of the water attenuation area in the river basin which flows through the center park to remove the threat of flood to the urban areas along the Futian River and will increase to a once-in-a-century flood control ability.

According to the plan, original fruit woods were removed in water attenuation area. Excavation of the terrain formed a bottom land, part of it becomes an open foerest and grassland in the park, and the other part was excavated deeper to form a lake in the park. It can not only control oncein-a-century flood, but also be a wetland landscape in the park, which fully practice the sponge city idea.

Water Purification

The Futian River uses the facilities of rain water collecting pipe culvert, the storage pool, the sewage pumping station or the rain water drainage pump, so that the sewage of the river will be intercepted and the water quality is guaranteed. The remaining sewage that is hard to distributed and the initial rainfall will be transferred to the sewage disposal plant. After being purified, the reclaimed water will go back to the river to decrease the pollution level, encourage the water exchange and strengthen the self-purification abillity. At the meantime, we build wetland ecological island in the attenuation lakes, which will re-purifying the reclaimed water and make the water quality match the criteria of landscape use.

Recover the natural ecological riverbed

To recover the natural ecology, the bank and riverbed has ecological landscape restoration. While having the flood control function, it also changes the original linear and single river shoreline, rich river section, forming shallow and deepwater and constructing biodiversity habitats. Demolition of Masonry or concrete bottom protection and part of the removed stones is placed in dry riverbed to make rain water infiltration. By strengthen exchange with the surrounding environment, and create a flow pattern of diversity, it builds a diversity of aquatic habitats.

Futian River Revitalization is a popular project implemented by the Shenzhen Municipal Government, and one of the key projects about water environment. It not only full restored ecological landscape features of the river, back to nature and accumulation and infiltration of rainwater, reconstruction “sponge base”, and its effective flood control standard will raise the river level to hundred years. North and South running through Bijia Hill Park and Central Park, Futian River, has become a link between the two parks, to jointly build ecological landscape corridor in center area.

Today, Futian River is glittering and gurgling, with lush growth of trees and grass, and birds' twitter and fragrance of flowers. Old “drainage ditch” is green and clear, reproducing natural life.