D

｜ danter ｜ 驯服

231 daunt []使胆怯；使气馁；恫吓

谐 谐音“恫”。

句 The father felt daunted by the prospect of losing his job.想到可能失去工作，这位父亲也感到胆怯。

｜ dear ｜ 昂贵的

232 dearth []缺乏；不足

拆 d + earth地球。

句 There has been a dearth of information on this phenomenon.关于这个现象还缺乏可靠的资料。

｜ de ｜ 下去

233 deceased []已故的

形 decease是名词，意思是“死亡”。用decrease（减少）来记忆decease，只要有人死亡，人口就会减少。

句 He inherited a fortune from his deceased uncle.他从过世的叔父那里继承了大笔财富。

｜ deci ｜ 十

234 decimate []大量毁灭；成批杀死

源 decimate的词源可以从December（十二月）讲起，December本指罗马历的第十个月份，所以deci词根代表“十”。decimate原指罗马军队对叛变部队的刑罚，即每十个人抽签一人杀掉，后引申为“屠杀、大量毁灭”。

句 The army was decimated by unknown disease.军队受到不明疾病侵袭而大量死亡。

｜ de ｜ 移除、向下、反转

235 decipher [()]破解（密码）

源 de- = remove移除 + cipher = cipher密码 → 移除密码 → 破解。

句 He claims that it is impossible to decipher the code.他认为这个密码不可能破解。

236 deduct []扣除；减去

谐 谐音“滴答”。生命在时钟的滴答声中被扣除了。

句 The expenses of your uniform will be deducted from your wages.你的制服费用将从薪资中扣除。

237 defy []公然反抗；蔑视

形 用deny（否认）来记忆defy。如果员工否认上司的指令，也就是蔑视。

句 No one dared to defy the director.没有人敢挑战这位导演。

238 deity []神；女神

形 用piety（虔诚）来记忆deity。

句 They offered their harvest of rice to the earth deity.他们把稻米的收获献给掌管土地的神祇。

239 delectable []令人愉快的；美味的

源 delectable 源自 delight（欣喜）。请观察 delectable 中的 delec 与 delight 的词形：d = d，e = e，l = l，e = i（两者皆为元音），c = g（两者在发音时，发音位置同，差别只在无声 [k] 与有声 [g]）。

句 You won’t forget the delectable smell of their chocolate.你将忘不了他们的巧克力好吃的味道。

240 deleterious []有害的；有毒的

形 用delicious（美味的）的词形来记忆deleterious。有些高胆固醇食物的确美味，但对身体很有害处。

助 What looks delicious may be deleterious.（看似美味的东西很可能对身体有害。）

句 The fear of unemployment is having a deleterious effect on people’s confidence.失业的恐惧对于人们的信心有种不好的影响。

｜ delicates ｜ 纤细的

241 delicacy []①佳肴 ②精美；优雅；纤细；周到

源 源自 delicate（脆弱的；纤细的）。

句 He handles this matter with great delicacy in order not to upset either side.为了不引起任何一方不快，他非常慎重处理此事。

｜ de ｜ 下

242 delineate []画……的轮廓；描述

源 de- = down 下 + line = line 线 + ate → 用线画出 → 描绘；描述。

句 The little boy’s father helped him delineate the outline of China on a map with a red pencil.小男孩的父亲帮他用红笔在地图上描出中国的轮廓。

｜ diluere ｜ 冲刷

243 deluge []使泛滥 洪水

源 源自 dilute（稀释；冲淡）。

句 The mayor received a deluge of complaints about the subway malfunction.市长收到大量关于地铁运行不良的抱怨。

244 demise []死亡；终止

谐 谐音“地埋尸”。

句 Many have predicted that the Internet would result in the demise of newspapers.很多人预测互联网最终将使报纸消失。

｜ demo ｜ 人

245 demography []人口统计学

源 demo- = people 人 + -graphy = writing 书写；学科 → 人口的学科 → 人口统计学。

句 Demography is a study of human population in a particular area and its changes through time.人口统计学研究某一地区人口的现象及其随时间的变化。

｜ de ｜ 下

246 denigrate []诽谤；诋毁

综 deni（类似人名 Denny）+ grate（读音类似鬼）。这样记：如果你骂“Denny 是鬼”，这就是诋毁了。

句 He accused his rival candidate of denigrating his character on a TV interview the other day.他指控与他竞争的候选人前几天在电视访谈中毁谤他的人格。

247 denote []表示；预示

源 与 note（笔记；注意）为同源词。

句 Brown areas on this map denote deserts.在这张地图上，棕色的区域表示沙漠。

248 denounce []谴责；指责

源 denounce 和 pronounce（发音；宣称）为同源词。denounce 的 de-前缀表示down，所以 denounce 在词源上的意义是“公开地贬抑”。

句 The townspeople denounce the major as morally corrupted.市民公开谴责市长为道德败坏的人。

249 dense []密集的；稠密的

音 利用dance（跳舞）来记忆dense。跳舞的地方应该是人口很稠密的地方。

句 It took quite a while for the whole expedition to cross the dense jungle.整个探险队花了好长一段时间才穿越那片浓密的丛林。

｜ de ｜ 移除

250 deplete []用尽；使减少

源 deplete 和 complete（使完整；使齐全）互为反义词。

句 He led a luxurious life and depleted his funds quickly.他奢侈的生活习惯让他很快就用尽积蓄。

｜ de ｜ 下、反转

251 deplore [()]①对……深感遗憾；哀叹；痛惜 ②谴责

谐 谐音“地破了”。想一想地球的卫星图，许多热带雨林成了黄土一片，“地破了”，令人痛惜。

句 He deplored the sudden death of a friend who died in a car accident last week.一位朋友上周因车祸突然过世令他感到哀痛。

252 deposit []放下；沉淀

源 de- = down下 + posit = place 放置 → 放下 → 沉淀；放下。

句 He deposits 500 dollars into his bank account every month.他每个月存五百美元到自己的银行账户里。

253 deprecate []强烈反对；批评

形 用depreciate（使贬值）来记忆deprecate。请见depreciate条目。

句 He deprecated the editorial board’s decision to remove the controversial photos from the newspaper.他不认同编委会将那些争议照片从报纸上撤下的决定。

254 depreciate []①使贬值；降低……的价值 ②轻视；贬低

源 de- = down 下；低 + preciate = price 价值 → 使价值降低 → 使贬值。

句 Electronic products depreciate quickly.电子产品跌价很快。

255 deride []嘲弄；嘲笑

源 deride与ridiculous（可笑的）为同源词，均有rid词根，意思是laugh。

句 She derides his behavior as childish.她嘲笑他的行为幼稚。

256 descendant []子孙；后裔

综 源自descend（下降）。也可用谐音“第三代”来记忆。

句 He is the descendant of a world famous painter.他是一位举世闻名的画家的后裔。

257 despondent []沮丧的

综 despondent 源自 despond（沮丧；失去勇气）。用 respond（回答；回应）来记忆 despond（沮丧）。能回应是一种积极的状态，而不能回应就是放弃，失去勇气。

句 He is getting more and more despondent about the company’s future.他对于公司的未来感到越来越不乐观。

｜ de ｜ 离开、反、全然

258 detached []①分离的；脱离的 ②超然的；不带感情的

源 de- = off脱离 + tach = touch接触 + ed → 不接触的状态 → 分离的。

句 He tried to hold a detached view when judging the case.他试着站在客观的角度去评判这个案子。

259 detain []拘留；使耽搁

源 de- = down 下 + tain = hold 抓住 → 抓下；拿下 → 拘留。

句 The police detained the suspect for further investigation.警方拘留这名嫌疑犯以便进一步调查。

260 deter [()]吓住；威慑；使打消念头

形 用determined（有决心的）来记忆deter。

助 The government is determined to deter crime.（政府有决心威慑犯罪行为。）

句 She was not deterred by the threats.那些威胁并未吓住她。

｜ detergere ｜ 擦拭

261 detergent []清洁剂；洗衣粉

谐 谐音“地特净”。用了“地特净”这个牌子的清洁剂，保证让你的地特干净。

句 You’ll have to use a lot of detergent to clean off that much dirt and mud.你得用很多清洁剂才能洗净那么多的泥泞。

｜ deterior ｜ 更糟

262 deteriorate []恶化；退化；堕落

综 用detergent（清洁剂）来记忆 deteriorate。

助 Water quality is deteriorating because of the discharge of detergents.（由于清洁剂的排放，水质正在恶化。）

句 His grandfather’s health has deteriorated after the surgery.自从手术后，他爷爷的健康便日益恶化。

｜ deterere ｜ 使磨损

263 detrimental []有害的；不利的

谐 用谐音“带蛆馒头”来记忆。这种食物当然对健康有害。

句 Drinking is detrimental to your health. 喝酒对健康有害。

｜ de ｜ 全然

264 devastation []蹂躏；荒废

源 de- = completely全部 + vast = waste荒废 + -ation → 全然荒废的状态 → 荒废。

句 Air bombing brought devastation to the center of the city.空袭让市中心成为荒芜。

265 devoid []缺乏的；没有的

源 源自void（空的）。avoid（避免）也为同源词。

句 Her childhood is devoid of the love and care from the family.她的童年缺乏来自家庭的爱与关怀。

｜ devovere ｜ 奉献

266 devout []虔诚的

源 源自devote（将……奉献给）。

句 It is my devout hope that you could one day live the life that you have always dreamed of.我诚心希望你能过你梦想中的生活。

｜ dexter ｜ 右手的

267 dexterous []灵巧的；敏捷的

源 源自拉丁语的dexter（右手的）。以前的想法认为用右手才是好的、灵巧的，而使用左手则有笨拙之意，甚至有不好的含义（拉丁语的sinister意指“左手的”，而在英语中，sinister则指“邪恶的”）。

句 In order to be a good surgeon, you need to have dexterous hands.想成为一名外科医生必须有灵巧的双手。

｜ dif ｜ 相反

268 diffident []缺乏自信的；胆怯的

源 与confident（有信心的）为同源词。

句 She appears to be diffident whenever she is trying to express her own opinion.每当她尝试表达自己的看法时总是显得有点胆怯。

｜ di ｜ 离开、二

269 digress []走向岔路；离题

形 progress是往前走，意思是“前进”；regress是往后走，意思是“退化”；digress是离开原路，意思是“离题”。

句 I would like to digress for a moment to discuss another equally important issue.请允许我岔题讨论另一个同样重要的议题。

270 dilemma []困境；进退两难

音 读音类似“delay拖延 + Ma妈”。

助 There is no time for delay, Ma, because we are in a dilemma.（妈，没有时间拖延了，因为我们进退两难。）

句 Abortion is a moral dilemma for most people.堕胎对许多人来说都是一个道德难题。

｜ delectare ｜ 喜悦

271 dilettante []业余爱好者；美术的爱好者

源 dilettante源自delight（欣喜）。

句 The art dealer is a dilettante. He does not really know what he is talking about most of the time.那个艺术品商人只是个业余爱好者。大多数时间他根本不知道自己在说什么。

｜ di ｜ 完全地

272 dimension []范围；大小；程度

源 观察dimension的加底线字母，其源自measure（测量）。

句 His research result added a new dimension to our project.他的研究结果为我们的项目增添了一个新的维度。

｜ diminue ｜ 使减少

273 diminish []减少；缩小

源 diminish 源自 mini（袖珍的；小的）。

句 Don’t let his criticism diminish the efforts you put into this plan.别让他的批评减损了你为此计划所付出的努力。

｜ dis ｜ 松开、分、不

274 discard []抛弃；丢弃

音 discard的读音类似this card（这张卡）。想象某张信用卡使你成为卡奴，所以你决定抛弃这张卡。

助 I decided to discard this card. （我决定丢掉这张卡。）

句 Just discard the ragged coat and buy yourself a new one. 把那件破烂的外套丢了，买件新的吧。

275 disconcert []使仓皇失措；使困窘；使困惑

音 disconcert的读音类似this concert（这场音乐会）。想象某个摇滚乐手在音乐会上跌了个四脚朝天，每次回想起这次表演，他总觉得困窘。

助 This concert disconcerted me.（这个演唱会让我很困窘。）

句 It disconcerts us to know that they have cancelled their wedding.他们取消婚礼的消息让我们感到困惑。

276 disconsolate []忧郁的；哀伤的；愁眉苦脸的

源 与console（安慰）为同源词。disconsolate在词源上的意义是“无法抚慰的”，所以就变成“愁眉苦脸的”。

句 He was disconsolate after his wife left him.妻子的离开令他心碎。

277 discreet []谨慎的；慎重的

源 discreet 源自 discern（分辨；识别）。能够分辨事物就是“谨慎的”。另一个单词discrete（分离的；不连接的）也属同源词。

句 The singer is discreet about his love affairs.这位歌手对自己的风流韵事很谨慎。

278 discrimination []区别；识别；歧视

音 discrimination的后半部读起来类似crime nation（犯罪国家）。把别的国家称为犯罪国家，这颇有“歧视”意味吧。

句 I heard that there is discrimination against women in that company.我听说那家公司有歧视女性的问题。

279 discursive []散漫的；不得要领的；离题的

源 源自discourse（交谈）。一般人的交谈并没有组织与结构，一定是东拉西扯、不着边际的。

句 It is a discursive article without organization.这篇文章的观点散漫，没有组织性。

280 disdain []蔑视，不屑

综 把 disdain 和 condescend（屈尊）一起读，一起记忆，有类似押韵的效果。这样读：如果你 disdain，你就不会 condescend。

句 The waiter disdained to respond to the man’s rude remarks.那名服务员根本不屑回应那男人粗鲁的言论。

｜ di(s) ｜ 否定、分散

281 disentangle []松开；解开

综 与 entangle（缠住；纠结）为同源词。entangle 的读音类似 tango（探戈），可以想象跳探戈（tango）的人身体纠缠（entangle）在一起。

句 She finally managed to disentangle herself from a complicated relationship.她终于设法从那复杂的情感关系中脱身。

282 disintegrate []使碎裂；使瓦解

综 与integrate（使结合）为同源词。女性读者应该知道INTEGRATE这个化妆品品牌。

句 The shuttle could not endure the high speed and disintegrated in outer space.那架航天飞机因无法承受高速而在外太空解体。

283 disinterested []①无私的；公正的 ②不感兴趣的；冷漠的

源 dis- = not否定 + interested 感兴趣的 → 不感兴趣的。

句 The teacher tries to give a disinterested evaluation of her students’ performance.对于学生的表现，老师尽量给予公允的评价。

284 disparity []不同；不等；不一致

源 高尔夫球中的打par就是“平标准杆”，所以par有“同等”之意。当然，disparity就是“不等”。

句 Within the same country, there are economic disparities between different regions.在同一国家里，各地区的经济实力却大不相同。

285 dispassionate []冷静的；不动感情的

源 与passion（热情）为同源词。

句 She stated the case in a dispassionate tone.她不带个人感情地宣读此案件。

286 dispensable []不重要的；可有可无的

综 见indispensable条目。

句 Those things are dispensable. You don’t have to bring them with you to the airplane.那些东西不是必需的，你不需要带上飞机。

287 dispersal []疏散；散布；传播

形 把disposal（处理）和dispersal（散布）一起记忆。

句 Birds help a lot in the dispersal of seeds for plants.鸟类对于植物的种子传播有很大帮助。

288 displace []①取代；替代 ②（迫使）离开家园

源 dis- = away离开 + place = place放置 → 置于他处 →（迫使）离开家园。

句 These factories have displaced tourism as the country’s largest source of foreign exchange.这些工厂已取代旅游业成为该国最大的外汇来源。

289 disposition []性格；性情

综 我们利用“文如其人”来记忆这个单词。从一个人的文章（composition）可知其性情（disposition）。

句 She has a very friendly disposition. Everybody likes her.她性格友善，人见人爱。

290 disseminate []散播；宣传

源 disseminate 与 semen（精液；种子）为同源词。而 semen 则源自 sow（播种）。

句 The information is widely disseminated through various media.透过各种媒体，本消息已广泛流传。

291 dissent []不同意；持异议 异议；不同意见

源 与consent（同意）为反义词。sent词根的构词类似sense（感觉），其意义也是sense。

句 The dictator suppressed any political dissent ruthlessly.独裁者无情地打压任何政治上的反对意见。

292 dissolute []放荡的；放纵的

源 源自 dissolve（分解；融化；液化）。

句 A Puritan’s life principle is the complete opposite of a dissolute one.清教徒的生活原则与放荡完全背道而驰。

293 distill []蒸馏；提炼；浓缩

谐 谐音“第四滴”。想象一个蒸馏设备，蒸馏出第四滴的威士忌。

句 The professor tried to distill the meaning of the poem when interpreting it to the students.教授努力提炼出诗中的精华，诠释给学生们听。

294 distinct []有区别的；不同的；清楚的

源 源自 distinguish（分辨；区别）。

句 Chinese and English are two entirely distinct languages.中文和英语是两种截然不同的语言。

295 distinctive []有特色的；特殊的

源 源自 distinguish（分辨；区别）。

句 Michael Jackson’s distinctive dancing moves are highly recognizable.迈克尔•杰克逊特殊的舞蹈动作辨识度很高。

296 distraught []心烦意乱的；烦恼的；发狂的

源 与 distract（转移；使分心）为同源词。distraught 在词源上的意思是“心被转移到不正确的方向”，因此有“发狂的”这种含义。

句 The sudden disappearance of the boy makes his parents extremely distraught.那个男孩的突然失踪使得他的父母亲极度心烦意乱。

297 distribute []分发；分配

源 与contribute（捐献）为同源词。捐献是把东西送至一个中心点，而分配则是从一个中心点将东西分发出来。

句 Food and blankets are distributed to the homeless on Christmas day.圣诞节当天，我们将食物与毛毯分发给无家可归者。

298 district []区；辖区；行政区

源 与strict（严格的）为同源词。strict有限制的含义，而district则指某个限定区域。

句 He plans to open a store in the shopping district after graduating from college.大学毕业后，他想到商业区开一家店。

299 disturb []妨碍；打扰

拆 dis（类似disco迪斯科）+ turb（类似turbojet engine涡轮喷气发动机）。这样记：disco与turbojet engine都是打扰人的东西。

句 The novelist hates to be disturbed during her writing hours.该小说家十分厌恶写作时被打扰。

｜ divert ｜ 使转向

300 diversity []差异；不同点

形 用university（大学）来记忆diversity（不同）。

助 A university should be an institution eliciting a diversity of opinions.（大学应该是一个引导出各种观点的地方。）

句 It is important to acknowledge the ethnic and cultural diversity in a multicultural society.认知到多元文化社会中种族与文化的差异性是很重要的。

301 diverting []有趣的；快乐的

源 源自 diversion（消遣；娱乐）。

句 It is a diverting show. I really enjoy it.这节目太有趣了，我很喜欢。

｜ di ｜ 分离

302 divest []①剥夺 ②脱去

源 与invest（投资）为同源词。这两个单词中均含有vest（背心）这个单词。

句 Peter divested himself of the raincoat when he got inside the house.彼得进屋时将身上的雨衣脱掉。

｜ doc ｜ 教导

303 docile []驯服的；易驾驭的

源 docile 与 doctor（博士；医生）为同源词。doctor 源自拉丁语doceo，其意思是“教导”（teach），而 docile 则是容易被教导的（teachable）。

句 John is a docile student. He never challenges his teachers.约翰是个温顺的学生，不曾挑战老师。

｜ dogma ｜ 想法

304 dogmatic []固执己见的；武断的

综 dog 狗 + ma 妈 + tic。这样记：问任何一只狗妈（即母狗）哪只狗最美，它一定固执己见地认为，它的狗儿子最美。

句 You should listen to other people’s opinions. Don’t be so dogmatic!你应该听听他人的意见，不要那么武断！

｜ dolor ｜ 痛苦

305 dolorous []悲哀的；悲痛的

谐 谐音类似“dollar若失去”。的确，口袋中的dollar若失去，真的是一件很悲痛的事情。

句 There is a dolorous whine of a wounded dog coming out of the garage.从车库里传来一声受伤的狗的哀嚎。

｜ domus ｜ 房子

306 dome []圆屋顶；半球形物

音 用done来记忆dome。想象某个建筑师对于圆顶结构做了很多研究。

助 He has done a lot of dome research. （他对于圆顶结构做了很多研究。）

句 She took a lot of pictures of the dome of the museum. She found it a unique architectural feature. 她拍了很多博物馆圆顶的照片。她觉得这是很特别的建筑特色。

｜ dormer ｜ 睡觉

307 dormant []冬眠的；睡着的；潜伏的

谐 类似谐音“冬眠”。

句 There are several dormant volcanoes on this island.这座岛上有好几座休眠火山。

｜ du, dupl ｜ 二

308 dual []两的；双重的

源 dual的词源意义就是two（使成双倍）。请观察dual和two在发音上的近似。

句 He has dual American-Canada nationality.他有美国与加拿大的双重国籍。

309 duplicate []复制；重复；使双倍

源 duplicate 的词源意义就是 double（使成双倍）。请观察 duplicate 和 double 在构词上的近似：d = d，u = ou（元音），p = b（两者在发音时，发音位置同，差别只在无声 [p] 与有声 [b]），l = l。

句 You cannot duplicate the DVD. It is illegal.你不可以复制这张DVD。这是犯法的。

｜ dwellen ｜ 阻碍

310 dwelling []住处；居所

综 dwelling源自dwell（住）。用well（哦）来记忆dwell。

助 Well, I dwell here.（哦，我住这里。）

句 Are you interested in visiting my brand-new dwelling?你有没有兴趣到我的新居看看？

核心
words

选词填空练习

以下每个单元各有八个句子。请从下列八个选项中选出最适合者填入空格之中，使句意完整。每个选项只能用一次。

1. If you 　　 someone, you make them feel afraid or less confident about something.

2. A 　　 of something is a lack of it.

3. If something is 　　, it is damaging or harmful.

4. Something that is 　　 is pleasant to taste or smell.

5. A 　　 is a god or goddess.

6. To 　　 something is to take away an amount or part from a total.

7. To 　　 something means to find the meaning of something that is difficult to understand.

8. To 　　 something means to destroy a large part of it.

1. A 　　 is something good to eat that is expensive or rare.

2. To 　　 something is to describe it carefully so that people can understand it.

3. A 　　 is a large flood.

4. The 　　 of something is the end of it.

5. To 　　 someone is to say things to make them seem less important or good.

6. To 　　 something is to reduce the amount of something that is present or available.

7. To 　　 something is to express strong disapproval of it.

8. 　　 is the study of information in figures about the population of an area or country.

1. To 　　 someone is to prevent them form acting by fear or threats.

2. To 　　 something is to put it down in a stated place.

3. To 　　 something is to show disapproval of it.

4. If something 　　, it fails in value.

5. If you 　　 someone, you make fun of them as of no value.

6. If someone is 　　, they show a complete loss of hope.

7. If you are 　　, you do not show much personal feelings.

8. To 　　 a person is to keep them from leaving during a certain time.

1. A 　　 is a chemical product for cleansing.

2. If someone’s health 　　, it becomes worse.

3. If something is 　　, it is harmful.

4. 　　 is the state of being destroyed completely.

5. If you are 　　 of humor, you have none of it.

6. 　　 people show a lack of belief in their own powers.

7. If you 　　, you turn aside or wander away from your subject.

8. A 　　 is a difficult choice to be made between two courses of action.

1. A 　　 is someone who is not serious about what they are doing or does not study a subject thoroughly.

2. A particular 　　 of something is a particular aspect of it.

3. When something 　　, it becomes reduced in size or importance.

4. To 　　 something is to get rid of it.

5. Someone who is 　　 is extremely sad and hopeless.

6. If you are 　　, you are careful about what you say or do.

7. 　　 is the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way.

8. If a writing is 　　, it contains many different ideas without always having a clear purpose.

1. If something 　　, it breaks into small pieces.

2. If you are 　　, you are willing to act fairly because you are not influenced by personal advantage.

3. 　　 is difference.

4. If you are 　　, you are calm and fair, not taking sides in an argument.

5. If something is 　　, it is not necessary.

6. 　　 is the act of causing people to scatter in different directions.

7. To 　　 something is to take its place by pushing it out.

8. Your 　　 is your general tendency of character.

1. 　　 is the difference of opinions.

2. A 　　 person leads a bad life.

3. To 　　 a liquid is to make it into gas and make the gas into liquid, as when separated alcohol from water.

4. Things that are 　　 are different.

5. If someone is 　　, they are anxious almost to the point of madness.

6. To 　　 something is to give it out to many people.

7. A 　　 is a fixed land division of a country.

8. If you 　　 someone, you cause them to become anxious.

1. If you 　　 yourself of a false idea, you cause yourself to get rid of it.

2. If someone is 　　, they are easily taught or led.

3. Something that is 　　 is based on dogma.

4. A story that is 　　 is sad.

5. A 　　 is a rounded top on a building.

6. When animals are 　　, they are not active.

7. If you 　　 something, you make a copy of it.

8. A 　　 is a house where people live.