2.4 考研真题详解
1. 何况林氏“卫道”之心甚热，“孔孟心传”烂熟，他往往要“用夏变夷”，称司各特的笔法有类于太史公，于是不免又多了一层歪曲。[北师大2005研]
【译文】What’s more, Lin is an advocate of traditional moral principles. Thoroughly familiar with anecdotes of Confucius and Mencius, Lin always wanted to use the doctrines of our great land to change barbarians, and he assimilated the style of Scott to that of Simaqian. And this attributed to the further distortion.
【解析】此句可使用对等译法，“卫道”可译为an advocate of traditional moral principles，“孔孟心传”可译为anecdotes of Confucius and Mencius。
2. 我们中国也特别称道王摩诘的“画中有诗，诗中有画”。
【译文】In China, we too have a particular liking for Wang Wei’s “having poetry in his painting and painting in his poetry”.[北师大2007研]
【解析】使用对等译法，“画中有诗，诗中有画”同样翻译为“having poetry in his painting and painting in his poetry”。
3. 俗话说：“不能在一棵树上吊死。”[对外经贸大学2010研]
【译文】Just as the saying goes, “do not hang in one tree”.
【解析】使用对等译法，“不能在一棵树上吊死”对等翻译为“do not hang in one tree”。
4. 中国的儒家文化也强调守信，“信”甚至被作为“五常”中的重要内容确定下来。[北京外国语大学2010研]
【译文】Confucian culture in China emphasizes “keeping promises” as well, and “trust” has been considered as one of “the five permanent elements” and is still reserved in culture.
【解析】“守信”对等翻译为“keeping promises”，“五常”译为“the five permanent elements”。
5. 公司以“唯公有福，唯诚有信”的福信企业精神和“团结、拼搏、务实、创新、奉献”的洪山集团企业精神为动力，锐意进取，蒸蒸日上。[人大2005研]
【译文】Treasuring the spirit of honesty, unity, realism, innovation and sacrifice, the company is advancing with vigor and enthusiasm and will become more and more prosperous.
【解析】口号标语式的词汇，中英互译时常有对照词汇，注意对等翻译。“团结、拼搏、务实、创新、奉献”翻译为honesty, unity, realism, innovation and sacrifice。
6. 听说，例如英国，那小说，先前是大抵写给太太小姐们看的，其中自然是香汗多。[北师大2006研]
【译文】I have ever heard that, for example in England, the novels were written firstly for ladies and misses, so naturally they smelt sweet.
【解析】出于语法需要的增词，需增补主语。根据句意，“听说”的主语是“我”，因此在译文中增加主语“I”。
7. 根据WTO的定义，倾销是指一国产品以低于“正常价值”的价格出口到另一国，并对进口国相关工业造成了损害的行为。[对外经贸大学2005研]
【译文】According to the definition issued by WTO, dumping means the exporting country sells goods in a foreign country in large quantities at a price less than normal value and causes damages to relative industries of the importing country.
【解析】出于语义和修辞需要的增词，需增补原文中暗含的语义。句子中“一国”是指出口国，为了清楚表达句意，译文中加上exporting。
8. 虽然这个状况不能马上有所改观，但是创新的精神、资金的投入加上政策的倾斜，这个差距终归会缩小。[对外经贸大学2005研]
【译文】Although this situation couldn’t be changed immediately, we could make progress and shorten the gap with the help of innovative spirit, capital investment and policy support.
【解析】后半句中缺少主语，根据句意，译文中加上主语“we”。
9. 在党中央、国务院坚强领导下，全国各族人民特别是灾区人民万众一心、众志成城。[对外经贸大学2010研]
【译文】Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster.
【解析】短语fight against sth.原句缺少宾语，译文根据上下文加上“the earthquake disaster”。
10. 就是这么神奇，形式的不同、工具的不同，影响到内容的不同。[北京林业大学2004研，考试科目：翻译和写作]
【译文】It is amazing that difference in form and instrument will make such a difference in the resulted content.
【解析】“内容的不同”是结果，译文为表达准确可以加上给content加上定语resulted。
11. 从1936年到1949年，竺可桢当了十三年大学校长。[北京第二外国语学院2008研]
【译文】He had been working at that post for thirteen years until 1949.
【解析】减词译法，由于时间表示上的重复，译文中省略1936年这个时间点。
12. 人生最大的快乐莫过于受人尊重：诉说时有人聆听，求助时得人帮忙。[北京第二外国语学院2008研]
【译文】Being respected, listened to and helped in times of need is the greatest blessing we can enjoy in this world.
【解析】此题使用省略的翻译技巧，由于英语的句式特点，译文中省略宾语“受人”“有人”“得人”，翻译成了被动语态。
13. 于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。[对外经贸大学2005研]
【译文】Thus the days flows away through the sink when I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I have my meal, and passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as reflect in silence.
【解析】此题使用了合并的翻译方法，将重复词语或结构全部抽提出来，总译一次，加在全部有关词语或结构的前面或后面，统管兼顾。这里重复的是“thus the days”。
14. 协调发展，是指各个方面的发展要相互适应，就是要统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放，促进现代化建设各个环节、各个方面相协调，促进生产关系与生产力、上层建筑与经济基础相协调。[北京外国语大学2008研]
【译文】And coordinated development refers to mutual adaptation between each aspect of development. More specifically, it is orchestrating urban-rural development, regional development, economic-social development, harmonious human-nature development, and domestic-oversea development so as to enhance the inter-coordination between various aspects of modernization, between production relation and productivity, and between superstructure and economic foundation.
【解析】此题使用了合并译法，将重复词语或结构全部抽提出来，总译一次，加在全部有关词语或结构的前面或后面，统管兼顾。这里总译的是“统筹”。
15. 中国人民欣赏美国人民的开拓进取精神，钦佩美国人民在建设国家中取得的骄人业绩。[国际关系学院2008研]
【译文】The Chinese admire the pioneering and enterprising spirit of the Americans and their proud achievements in national development.
【解析】此题使用了代替的翻译方法，用代词there代替了前面重复使用的名词“美国人民”。
16. 这场艰苦卓绝的抗震救灾斗争，涌现出无数感天动地、可歌可泣的英雄事迹，充分展现了中国人民不屈不挠、自强不息的伟大民族精神，谱写了气壮山河的壮丽篇章。[对外经贸大学2010研]
【译文】This hard struggle against the earthquake produced uncountable touching and brave exploits and fully demonstrated the great indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese people, thus writing a heroic chapter in the history of the nation.
【解析】此题使用了同义省略，“艰苦”“卓绝”表达的意思接近，所以用一个形容词“hard”即可表达。原文中“感天动地”“可歌可泣”语义重叠。“气壮山河”和“壮丽”意思相同，这里用一个形容词“heroic”即可，又与前面的英雄事迹相照应。
17. 属于国家鼓励和允许发展的产业，且原材料进口和产品出口不涉及配额、许可证管理，外汇收支自行平衡的项目，可根据外商的要求放宽产品内销比例。[对外经贸大学2006研，考试科目：专业英语（翻译理论与实践）]
【译文】Industries that get the government’s permit and encouragement to develop, and projects whose raw material import and product export don’t touch upon quota, permit supervision and foreign exchange income and outcome balance, can broaden the domestic market sale proportion according to the foreign invest requirement.
【解析】此题使用词类转换的翻译方法，把“鼓励和允许”由动词词性转译为名词permit and encouragement。
18. 中国的行业协会应当有应急公关意识，充分利用中外行业商会组织，从中协调和沟通，化解媒体、民意的误解。[对外经贸大学2011研，考试科目：综合英语]
【译文】Chinese business associations should have the awareness of dealing with public emergencies, and make the best of Chinese and foreign industrial organizations to achieve coordination and communication, to dissolve the media and public’s misunderstanding.
【解析】通过词类转换的翻译技巧，原句中的协调和沟通”，由动词转译为名词coordination and communication
19. 创新开放模式，促进沿海内陆沿边开放优势互补。[对外经贸大学2013研，考试科目：综合英语]
【译文】We should make innovations in the mode of opening up; encourage coastal, inland and border areas to draw on each other’s strengths in opening up.
【解析】此题使用了词类转换，将原句中动词“创新”转译为名词innovations，用短语make innovations表示创新。
20. 那个人家房子很大，有游艇和私人飞机，非常富有的样子，生活却很简单。[北京外国语大学2012研，考试科目：英汉互译（同声传译）]
【译文】Despite the trappings of great wealth, their lifestyle was surprisingly straightforward.
【解析】原句中形容词短语“非常富有”转译为名词短语the trappings of great wealth。
21. 小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论谁，只要你到巷里去踟躇一会，你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和萧杀。[对外经贸大学2006研]
【译文】The charm of the lane lies in its absolutely serenity. No matter who you are, if you loiter around in the lane for a while, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane.
【解析】此题需注意褒贬义词的选择，“和平的静穆”，“阴森和萧杀”分别翻译为peaceful，calmness和gloomy sternness。
22. 愚蠢的男人和愚蠢的女人结婚是一种幸福；智慧的男人和聪明的女人在一起是一种格调。[人大2004研]
【译文】It is a blessing that a foolish man got married with a foolish woman. It is exquisite that intelligent men stay with wise women.
【解析】原句中使用了“愚蠢”“幸福”“智慧”“聪明”四个不同感情色彩的形容词，注意褒贬义词的准确选择。