Abstract

Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has been paying attention to the issue of poverty and longing to solve the problem of poverty in Chinese society. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, Xi Jinping and other party and state leaders have carried out deep theoretical thinking on the issue of poverty. Therefore, China has made remarkable achievements in the field of poverty reduction.

The process of poverty alleviation in New China can be divided into five stages: the generalized poverty alleviation stage under the planned economic system before the reform and opening up（1949-1978），the stage of largescale poverty alleviation under the impetus of system reform（1978-1985），the development style poverty alleviation stage based on the capacity building of poor population（1986-2007），the stage oftwo wheeled drive to promote poverty alleviation with the characteristics of improving the rights of the poor （2007 -2013）and the new stage of precision poverty alleviation, which is an important content that continues to improve the rights of the poor（2014-）. Before the reform and opening up, in the generalizedpoverty alleviation stage and system reform under the planned economy system promoted the large-scale poverty alleviation stage, the Chinese government mainly adopted relief povertyalleviation. In the stage of developing poverty alleviation centered on capacity-building of the poor, the Chinese government implements the development oriented poverty alleviation and focuses on the construction and improvement of the capacity of the poor. It hopes to improve the ability of the poor to develop their economy and finally achieve the goal of getting rid of poverty and becoming rich. In the stage of “two wheel drive”to promote poverty alleviation characterized by improving the rights of the poor, the Chinese government takes the development of poverty alleviation and minimum living guarantee“two wheels”to drive poverty alleviation and development. At this stage, on the basis of system arrangement（i. e. , guarantee the basic survival rights）reveal all the details on the poor basic life, the party and the state carry out the development style poverty alleviation, and try to solve the problem of poverty fundamentally. This is a process of transformation from providing temporary solutions to the problems toeffecting a permanent cure. In the new stage of precision poverty alleviation which it is important to continue to improve the rights of the poor, the Chinese government has continued to adhere to a series of concrete practices in the stage of promoting poverty alleviation and development by the two wheeled drive. However, it implements precise poverty alleviation on the issue of poverty alleviation, and emphasizes the improvement of the rights of the poor population in terms of political rights, economic rights, cultural and educational rights, health rights and so on, and actively promotes the improvement of people's rights.

Since the reform and opening up, the poverty alleviation of the Chinese Communist Party and the people's government has been the center of gravity and the center of gravity is transferred. The center of gravity is transferred with the deepening of the theory of the party's development. The Communist Party of China carries out the poverty alleviation and its center of gravity transfer, which has both the international background and the domestic background, as well as the party's understanding background. Moreover, since the reform and opening up, the center of poverty alleviation of the CPC and the people's government has basically evolved along the following lines: the poverty alleviation by economic relief→developing poverty alleviation emphasis on developing the ability of poor population→the treatment of poverty alleviation with focusing on the protection of the rights of the poor people. Here, the economic relief type of poverty alleviation and relief in the stage of poverty alleviation is corresponding. The governance poverty alleviation that focuses on guaranteeing the rights of the poor is roughly corresponding to the development oriented poverty alleviation stage, the “two wheels”driven poverty alleviation stage and the precise poverty alleviation stage. Therefore, if we want to generalize the path of the shift of the focus of poverty alleviation in China, the path should be: pay close attention to the economic status of the poor→pay close attention to the ability of the poor→pay close attention to the rights of the poor→continue to pay more attention to the rights of the poor. This is a process from a low level of poverty alleviation to a higher level of poverty alleviation, and its direction is progressive. Moreover, in the process of shifting the center of poverty, the content of poverty alleviation is increasing.

Since the reform and opening up, the shift of the centre of gravity of the Chinese Communist Party's poverty alleviation has intrinsic motivation which is the communist belief of the Communist Party of China, the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, all for the people's ruling idea and the strong desire to build a socialist harmonious society. Since the reform and opening up, the practice of poverty alleviation by the Communist Party of China reflects the progress of material civilization and spiritual civilization in China, and the shift of its focus reflects the progress of Chinese political civilization. The reason why the party's focus on poverty alleviation embodies the progress of political civilization, is that since the reform and opening up, the transfer of the center of gravity of the party's poverty alleviation is to realize the freedom of the poor, achieve poverty free, achieve the equality of people, achieve social fairness and justice, realize the all-round development of the poverty-stricken population.

Since the reform and opening up, the transfer of the center of poverty of the Communist Party of China has left valuable experience and lessons. Experience mainly is adhere to the leadership of the party who always represents the fundamental interests of the vast majority of the people, the road to realize the common prosperity of the people all over the country, the way of development to solve the problems of poverty in Chinese Society, the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development to the whole process of poverty alleviation and development, the road of socialist political civilization with Chinese characteristics and insisting on the road of building a socialist harmonious society. The main lesson is: the problem of leakage and waste of funds in the management of poverty alleviation and development has not been fundamentally resolved, the low efficiency of poverty alleviation due to the lack of an effective solution to the problem of poverty, the low efficiency of poverty alleviation caused by anti corruption, heavy economic benefits and light environmental protection in the process of poverty alleviation and development have left a lot of hidden dangers.