第三节 建设工程施工合同
建设工程施工合同（Engineering Works Contract）是指发包方（建设单位）和承包方（施工人）为完成商定的施工工程，明确相互权利、义务的协议。依照施工合同，施工单位应完成建设单位交给的施工任务，建设单位应按照规定提供必要条件并支付工程价款。建设工程施工合同是承包人进行工程建设施工，发包人支付价款的合同，是建设工程的主要合同，同时也是工程建设质量控制、进度控制、投资控制的主要依据。施工合同的当事人是发包方和承包方，双方是平等的民事主体。
建设工程施工合同中甲方、乙方一般分别指发包方（contract letting party）和承包方（contractor）。在一个标准的建设施工合同中，常见的专有条款涵盖：工程概括、工程工期、工程价款、付款方式、工程质量、竣工验收、违约责任等。
一、工程概况条款（Work Overview）
工程概括条款下主要包含工程名称、工程地点、承包方式、承包内容、工期等。如：
范例一：
Work Overview：
1.Name of project：Phase II Standard Workshop Renovation and Construction Project of Company A.
2.Location of project：________________________________________________
3.Contracting Means：Overall contracting，including contracting of materials and labor，quality，safety and schedule.
4.Contracting contents：include all works of demolishment and construction，which shall be subject to the attached Bills of Quantities.
参考译文：
工程概况：
1.工程名称：A公司二期标准厂房改造施工工程
2.工程地点：________________________________________________
3.承包方式：总承包（包工包料，包质量，包安全，包工期）
4.承包内容：包括所有的拆除及施工工程，以附件《工程量清单》为准。
范例二：
Project contents：
A.Construction of network cabling systems of the new R & D center；
B.Construction of Data Center，mainly includes：data center decoration and electrical systems，air-conditioning systems，access control systems etc.
参考译文：
工程范围：
A.新研发中心和新厂房的网络综合布线系统的施工；
B.数据中心的建设，主要包含：数据中心的装饰工程、电气系统、空调系统、机房门禁系统等。
范例三：
Nature of contracting：Party B shall be responsible for both labor and materials of this project，and will be responsible for the quality，safety，and code of conduct during the project construction.
参考译文：
承包方式：乙方以包工包料，包工程质量、包安全、包文明施工的方式承包工程。
二、工程工期（Duration of Project）
Duration of Project：Commencement date：March 1，2019
Completion date：October 30，2019
Total number of days of construction：243 days.
In case of the following circumstances，after the visa confirmation of on-site representative of Party A，the construction period can be postponed accordingly：
（1）In the course of construction，in case of power failure，water supply failure that lasts for more than 8 hours or more than 3 times of continuous intermittent water supply failure and power failure（more than 4 hours each time），affecting normal construction；or there is more than 2 days of water supply failure and power failure；
（2）Force majeure such as typhoon，heavy rain，and hurricane causes delays in construction；
（3）Other factors that are beyond the control of manpower causes delays in construction.
参考译文：
工程工期：开工日期：2019年3月1日
竣工日期：2019年10月30日
总工期天数：243天。
如遇下列情况，经甲方现场代表签证确认后，工期可相应顺延：
（1）在施工中如因停电、停水8小时以上或连续间歇性停水、停电3次以上；（每次连续4小时以上），影响正常施工；或者停水停电2天以上；
（2）因台风、暴雨、飓风等不可抗力的因素导致工期延期；
（3）因人力不可抗拒的其他因素导致延误工期。
三、工程价款（Project Cost）
建设工程合同常见的报价方式有：总价包干（total price contracting）、单价包干（unit price contracting）。总价包干也称为固定总价或者大包干，是指工程量和价格都包死了，不存在审计，完工直接结算。单价包干相当于据实结算，单价不变，工程量依据现场实际完成量据实计量。
范例一：
The total project price is RMB 20 million. This quotation is the total price contracting and covers materials and labor cost. In the event of fluctuation of the market price of materials，labor cost or changes in national policy，the total price will not be adjusted.
参考译文：
工程总价为人民币2000万元。该报价为固定总价。承包人包工包料，即使市场材料价格、人工价格或国家政策变化，固定总价不做任何调整。
范例二：
Contract price：The construction costs of this contract is RMB 20 million.
If the construction content or materials are changed，the corresponding project costs will be adjusted according to the actual costs incurred.
参考译文：
合同价款：本合同工程造价为人民币为2000万元。
若变更施工内容或材料等，变更部分对应的工程款按实际发生另计。
范例三：
Project price：The calculation method of the project price is：the unit price is________yuan/m2 （tax included）. The price includes the direct cost，indirect cost，construction cost and supervision cost incurred by Party B to complete the qualified project. The specific area is subject to the construction drawings.
The unit price is the price for settlement of project cost，and no adjustment is made during the validity period of this contract.
参考译文：
工程价款：工程款计价办法为：单价包干人民币________元/m2（含税），该包干价含乙方为完成本合格工程承包范围的直接费用、间接费用、施工措施费用及监理费用等，具体面积以施工图纸为准。
单价包干为结算单价，在本合同有效期内不作调整。
范例四：
Project cost：Total project cost is ____________ yuan（CNY）. Detailed contract price list is shown in attached quotation list.
In the detailed design and construction process，if the project quantity changes，project cost will be adjusted according to the contract unit price；if the material is changed，the project cost will be adjusted according to the supplemental agreement agreed by both parties.
参考译文：
工程造价
合同工程总造价为￥________元（CNY）。详细合同价格表见附件报价清单。
在详细设计和施工过程中，若工程量发生变化，按合同单价相应调整工程造价；若材质发生变化，按双方商定的补充协议调整工程造价。
范例五：
The total contract amount is RMB________，which is fixed total price contract.
This contract price includes the cost of equipment and materials，labor cost，machinery cost，management cost，profit，tax，government charges，insurance，transportation，service fee，and all other cost for the completion of the project，as well as system testing，installation，and commsioning costs.
参考译文：
本合同价格为人民币________，为固定总价合同。
本合同价款包括设备材料费、人工费、机械费、管理费、利润、税金、政府费用、保险费、运输费、服务费，及为完成本工程所发生的其他费用，还包括了设备检测、安装调试等费用。
四、付款方式（Methods of Payment）
Payment of project cost：project advance payment of 30% of the total project cost will be paid within 5 days after the contract is signed；40% of the project cost will be paid upon the completion of project main structure；25% of the project cost will be paid upon acceptance of the project；the remaining 5% is used as the quality guarantee deposit and will be paid in a lump sum within 5 days after the expiration of the warranty.
参考译文：
工程合同款支付：合同签订后5日内支付工程款30%的预付款；主体工程完成，支付工程款的40%；工程验收合格后支付工程款的25%；剩余5%作为质保金，五年质保期满后5日内一次性付清。
五、工程质量（Quality of Project）
范例一：
The project quality standard is “qualified” and meets the requirements of engineering construction drawings and engineering technical specifications. The inspection agency shall be designated by Party ________ to inspect the quality of the project，and the inspection fee shall be borne by Party ________.
参考译文：
工程质量等级为“合格”，并且符合工程施工图纸及工程技术规范要求。由________方指定检测单位对工程质量进行检测，检测费由________方承担。
范例二：
The quality of the project must comply with the requirements of the current national quality acceptance specifications and standards for engineering construction.
If the quality of the project does not meet the contractual standards due to the contract letting party’s responsibility，the contract letting party shall bear the increased costs and/or delays of the construction period and pay the contractor a reasonable profit.
If the quality of the project does not meet the contracted standards due to the contractor’s responsibility，the contract letting party has the right to request the contractor to repair，rework or rebuild until the quality of the project meets the contracted standards，and the contractor shall bear the additional costs and/or delayed construction period.
参考译文：
工程质量必须符合现行国家有关工程施工之质量验收规范和标准的要求。
因发包人原因造成工程质量未达到合同约定标准的，由发包人承担由此增加的费用和（或）延误的工期，并支付承包人合理的利润。
因承包人原因造成工程质量未达到合同约定标准的，发包人有权要求承包人修理或者返工、改建直至工程质量达到合同约定的标准为止，并由承包人承担由此增加的费用和（或）延误的工期。
范例三：
Quality of Project：the quality shall be “Excellent”，and shall meet the requirements of this contract and the National Quality Standards，and shall by guaranteed to be accepted at the first attempt upon project completion. The scope of as-built acceptance includes，but not limited to：（1）concealed work；（2）itemized project；（3）reports of experiment；（4）reports of materials testing. In the event that project fails to be accepted at the first inspection and thus leads to delay in the start of the subsequent projects，Party B shall compensate Party A at the daily rate of 2‰ of the total contract price as penalty，but the total amount shall not exceed 5% of the total contract price.
参考译文：
工程质量：质量合格，达到本合同要求和国家质量验收标准，并确保竣工验收一次合格。验收内容包括但不限于：（1）隐蔽工程；（2）分项工程；（3）实验报告；（4）材料验收报告。如果由于验收未能一次通过而导致后续工程开工的延迟，乙方将按照每日工程总额的2‰ 金额赔偿给甲方作为罚金，但最多不得超过工程总价款的5%。
六、竣工验收（Acceptance）
After the completion of the project，upon the contractor’s application for acceptance，it shall proceed in accordance with the following procedures：
（1）After the contractor submits the application report for acceptance to the supervisor，the supervisor shall complete the review and submit it to the contractor within 14 days after receiving the application report. If the supervisor considers that the conditions for acceptance have not been met，the contractor shall be notified of the work contents to be completed by the contractor before the acceptance inspection. The contractor shall submit the completion acceptance application report again after completing all the work contents notified by the supervisor.
参考译文：
工程竣工后，承包人申请竣工验收的，应当按照以下程序进行：
（1）承包人向监理人报送竣工验收申请报告，监理人应在收到竣工验收申请报告后14天内完成审查并报送发包人。监理人审查后认为尚不具备验收条件的，应通知承包人在竣工验收前承包人还需完成的工作内容，承包人应在完成监理人通知的全部工作内容后，再次提交竣工验收申请报告。
（2）If the supervisor considers that the conditions for acceptance have been met，the application for acceptance shall be submitted to the contract letting party. The contract letting party shall complete the review within 28 days after receiving the application report for acceptance，and shall organize the supervisor，contractor，designer and surveyor and other relevant units for the completion acceptance.
参考译文：
（2）监理人审查后认为已具备竣工验收条件的，应将竣工验收申请报告提交发包人，发包人应在收到经监理人审核的竣工验收申请报告后28天内审核完毕并组织监理人、承包人、设计人、勘察人等相关单位完成竣工验收。
（3）If the completion acceptance is qualified，the contract letting party shall issue a project acceptance certificate to the contractor within 14 days after the acceptance is passed.
参考译文：
（3）竣工验收合格的，发包人应在验收合格后14天内向承包人签发工程接收证书。
（4）In case the contract letting party fails to organize the acceptance within 28 days after receiving the application for acceptance submitted by the contractor，or fails to sign the acceptance conclusion after acceptance while does not give any opinion，it shall be deemed that the project has passed the completion acceptance.
参考译文：
（4）发包人在收到承包人递交的竣工验收申请报告后28天内无正当理由不组织验收，或者验收后不签署验收结论又不提出意见的，视为竣工验收合格。
七、违约责任（Liability for Breach of Contract）
范例一：
In case Party B fails to complete the work on time，it shall compensate Party A at the daily rate of 3‰ of the total contract price as penalty（directly deducted from the project cost）；the unreasonable delay of 15 days or more shall be regarded as a fundamental breach of contract. Party A has the right to terminate this contract. In addition to the full refund of the construction amount paid by Party A，Party B shall also pay Party A penalty of 20% of the total construction cost.
参考译文：
乙方未能按时竣工的，每延期一日应按工程总价款的千分之三向甲方支付违约金（从工程款中直接扣除）；无故延期15日以上视为根本性违约，甲方有权解除本合同，乙方除应全额退还甲方已支付的工程款外，还应向甲方支付工程总价款的20%的违约金。
范例二：
In case quality problem occurs in the project，it shall be regarded as a serious breach of contract by Party B. Depending on the seriousness of the problem，Party B shall pay Party A penalty of 10%-30% of the construction cost（can be directly deducted from the project cost）. In addition，Party B shall compensate for the losses caused to Party A.
参考译文：
工程出现质量问题视为乙方严重违约，视情节轻重乙方应按工程款的10%-30%向甲方支付违约金（可从工程款中直接扣除），此外应赔偿因此给甲方造成的损失。
范例三：
In case one party rescinds or terminates this contract arbitrarily，the party in breach shall pay the non-breach party liquidated damages of 20% of the construction cost.
参考译文：
协议一方擅自解除或终止本合同的，违约方应按工程款的20%向守约方支付违约金。
范例四：
The construction project shall be completed independently by Party B. Party B is not allowed to use affiliated construction team，subcontract the project wholly or partly，or illegally complete the construction. Otherwise，Party B constitutes a fundamental breach of contract. Party A has the right to unilaterally terminate the contract and has the right to seek recourse from Party B liquidated damages of 30% of the total contract price.
参考译文：
本工程应由乙方独立完成施工，不得使用挂靠施工队伍，不得把工程分包、转包、乙方不得违法施工，否则，乙方构成根本违约，甲方有权单方解除合同，并有权向乙方追索合同总价30%的违约金。
◆ 知识点梳理
续表
