三峡水库入库卵石推移质输沙量突变现象研究(摘要)

刘尚武，张小峰

(武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，湖北　武汉　430072)

【摘　要】　三峡水库入库水沙条件是三峡工程泥沙问题研究的重要基础，直接关系到三峡水库的调度运行。长江寸滩水文站是三峡水库入库水沙主要控制站。本文采用Spearman秩次相关检验法和有序聚类分析法，对该站1966—2015年卵石输沙量序列的趋势变化和突变现象进行了研究。结果显示：在显著水平0.05下，寸滩站卵石输沙量分别在1981年、2001年出现了明显减小的突变过程。寸滩站1966—1981年卵石年均输沙量为28.1万t，1982—2001年为16.6万t，比1966—1981年减少了40.9%；2002—2015年为4.1万t，比1966—1981年减少了85.4%。水利工程拦沙、河道采砂、水土流失治理是三峡水库入库卵石输沙量减少的主要原因。

【关键词】　卵石推移质；输沙量；趋势变化；突变分析；三峡水库

基金项目：国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0600901)。

作者简介：刘尚武，男，硕士。

Study on the Abrupt Change of Sediment Transport by Pebbles in the Three Gorges Reservoir

LIU Shangwu,ZHANG Xiaofeng

(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science，Wuhan University，Wuhan Hubei Province　430072)

Abstract:The water and sediment storage condition of the Three Gorges reservoir is an important basis for the study of the sediment in the Three Gorges Project.It is directly related to the operation of the Three Gorges reservoir.The hydrologic station on the Changjiang River is the main control station for water and sediment storage in the Three Gorges reservoir.By using the Spearman rank correlation test and the method of ordered cluster analysis,the trend variation and abrupt change of the gravel sediment discharge sequence in the station from 1966 to 2015 were studied.The results show that at the significant level of 0.05,the sediment transport rate of Pebble Beach Station decreased obviously in 1981 and 2001 respectively.The average annual sediment discharge of pebble station from 1966 to 1981 was 281 thousand t,1982 to 2001,40.9% less than 1966—1981;2002—2015 was 41 thousand t,a decrease of 85.4% from 1966—1981 in 166 thousand.The main reasons for the decrease of gravel sediment discharge in the Three Gorges reservoir are sediment storage,sand collection and soil erosion control.

Key words:Pebble Bedload；Sediment Discharge；Trend Change；Mutation Analysis；Three Gorges Reservoir