在殉国将士葬礼上的演说 The Funeral Oration of Pericles

伯里克利/Pericles

伯里克利（公元前495—公元前429），古雅典最伟大的政治家和民主派领袖，实行奴隶主民主政治。当政期间完成奴隶主民主宪法，发展工商业，奖励文化，大兴土木。从公元前443年到公元前429年，他任将军委员会的首席将军，成为雅典的最高统治者。在他任职期间，雅典文化和国势都发展到巅峰状态。

Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to others than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why it is called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences; if to social standing, advancement in public life falls to reputation for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way; if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. The freedom which we enjoy in our government extends also to our ordinary life. There, far from exercising a jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive, although they inflict no positive penalty. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens. Against this fear is our chief safeguard, teaching us to obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly such as regards the protection of the injured, whether they are actually on the statute book, or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace.

Further, we provide plenty of means for the mind to refresh itself from business. We celebrate games and sacrifices all year round, and the elegance of our private establishments forms a daily source of pleasure and helps to banish the spleen; while the magnitude of our city draws the produce of the world into our harbor, so that to the Athenian the fruits of other countries are as familiar a luxury as those of his own.

If we turn to our military policy, there also we differ from our antagonists. We throw open our city to the world, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity of learning or observing, although the eyes of any enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality; trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger. In proof of this it may be noticed that the Lacedaemonians do not invade our country alone, but bring with them all their confederates; while we Athenians advance unsupported into the territory of a neighbor, and fighting upon a foreign soil usually vanquish with ease men who are defending their homes. Our united force was never yet encountered by any enemy, because we have at once to attend to our marine and to dispatch our citizens by land upon a hundred different services; so that, wherever they engage with some such fraction of our strength, a success against a detachment is magnified into a victory over the nation, and a defeat into a reverse suffered at the hands of the entire people. And yet if with habits not of labor but of ease, and courage not of art but of nature, we are still willing to encounter danger, we have the double advantage of escaping the experience of hardships in anticipation and of facing them in the hour of need as fearlessly as those who are never free from them.

我们没有抄袭邻国的政治制度。我们不是模仿者，相反，我们是别人的楷模。我们的政府是为大多数人造福，而不是为少数人谋利，这也是人们称其为民主政府的原因。解决私人争端时，每个人在法律上是平等的；从社会地位来看，人们在公众事务中获得晋升的基础是能力而不是虚名，既不能让阶级地位贬低人们的价值，也不能让贫困阻挡人们前进的道路；有能力为国家服务的人，不应该因其地位卑微而受阻。政府生活中能够享受到的自由也同样适用于日常生活。我们既不会因为嫉妒而相互监视，也不会因邻居随心所欲而发怒；甚至不会纵容自己面露不悦，尽管这种脸色不会造成实在的损伤，它却着实令人厌恶。但是这种个人交往中的亲近与随意却并不会使我们成为无法无天的公民。我们内心对这种情况的担忧正是我们的最高保障，它教导我们服从执法机构和法律，尤其是关于保护受害人的法律，无论这些法律是否确实载入了法典都一视同仁，尽管这些法律没有明文规定，可你一旦触犯，它们就将成为你公认的耻辱。

另外，为了让大脑从繁忙的事务中恢复清醒，我们也提出了许多方法。娱乐活动和祭祀典礼贯穿全年始终，而高雅的住所则会让我们的日常生活充满乐趣，并帮助我们驱散所有烦忧。我们浩大的城市将世界各地的产品都吸引到我们的港口，从而使得我们雅典人对享受别国的水果就像享受自己生产的奢侈品那样熟悉。

从军事政策来看，我们也跟对手有所不同。尽管我们的开放有时会令窥探的敌人受益，但我们仍然把城市的大门向世界敞开，从不拒绝外国人的参观和学习；与政策和制度相比，我们更愿意信赖公民的天性；从教育来看，我们的对手尚在摇篮里便已经开始接受残酷的纪律教育，而我们雅典人虽然一直都过着随心所欲的生活，却同样可以随时接受任何真正危机的挑战。斯巴达人从来不敢单独来侵犯我们国家，每次他们总是与所有的同盟者一起来；而我们雅典人进入邻国的领土时从来都不需要他国的支持，却往往能够轻而易举地打败那些保家卫国的人们。我们团结的力量从不曾遭遇任何敌手，因为我们马上就会在组织海上力量的同时，在陆地上分派公民执行许多种不同的勤务；如此一来，敌人若打败我们任何一个武装分队，就会夸口已经打败了我们整个国家，而事实却恰好相反——如果他们被任何一个我们的分队打败，我们则可以说他们是被我们全体人民打败的。然而，即使我们惯于安乐而不喜劳苦，即使我们的勇敢来自于天性而非训练而成，我们仍然不惧危难。我们拥有双重优势，既不需要忍受预先的艰苦训练，在需要的时候，又能和那些从未停止训练的人一样英勇无畏，并最终战胜困难。

W词汇笔记

imitator ［ˈimiteitə］n.模仿者；仿造者

造 Do not be an imitator or a copy.

不要成为模仿看，不要成为拷贝。

capacity ［kəˈpæsəti］n.能力；容量；生产力；资格；地位

造 Failure is due more to lack of capacity rather than not enough.

失败更多的是因为努力不够而不是能力不够。

elegance ［ˈeliɡəns］n.典雅；高雅

造 The carpet imparted an air of elegance to the room.

地毯使房间有了一种优雅的气氛。

vanquish ［ˈvæŋkwiʃ］v.征服；击败；克服；抑制（感情等）

造 Since then, antibiotics and vaccines have allowed us to vanquish entire classes of diseases.

自那以后，抗生素和疫苗帮助我们征服了各类疾病。

S小试身手

我们的政府是为大多数人造福，而不是为少数人谋利，这也是人们称其为民主政府的原因。

译__________________________________________________

然而，即使我们惯于安乐而不喜劳苦，即使我们的勇敢来自于天性而非训练而成，我们仍然不惧危难。

译__________________________________________________

我们拥有双重优势，既不需要忍受预先的艰苦训练，在需要的时候，又能和那些从未停止训练的人一样英勇无畏，并最终战胜困难。

译__________________________________________________

P短语家族

...or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive...

indulge in：沉溺于；沉迷于；享受

造__________________________________________________

If we turn to our military policy, there also we differ from our antagonists.

differ from：与……不同；区别于……

造__________________________________________________