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第二章 口腔肿瘤细胞特征 Chapter 2 Characteristics of Oral Tumor Cell
【提要】
本章主要讲述了口腔肿瘤细胞的基本特征。口腔肿瘤细胞同其他组织的肿瘤细胞一样具有三个显著的基本特征:永生性、迁移性和无接触抑制。口腔肿瘤是在内因和外因共同作用下形成的，研究表明口腔癌的发生是染色体基因突变导致细胞信号转导和细胞周期紊乱、抑制细胞凋亡，延长了细胞生存的结果。肿瘤标志物可用于肿瘤的诊断、预后和疗效观察，目前已经发现多种反映口腔癌前病变和口腔癌的细胞标志物，如PCNA、Mib-1、Cyclin D1和CENP-F，但血液、唾液中肿瘤标志物敏感性和准确性都很低。口腔肿瘤的转移与扩散与多种信号诱导分子，如TGF-β、环氧化酶-2、一氧化氮合酶、血管内皮生长因子等都密切相关。
This chapter describes the basic characteristics of oral tumor cells，which have three marked characteristics:immortality，migration and no contact inhibition as cancer cells in other sites.Oral cancer is formed under the interaction of internal and external factors.Up to date studies show that oral cancer is the outcome of chromosomal genetic changes that result in cell signaling and cell cycle disorders，inhibition of apoptosis，and prolongation of cancer cell survival.Cancer markers are useful for cancer diagnosis，prognosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy，and multiple markers such as PCNA，Mib-1，Cyclin D1and CENP-F reflecting oral precancerous lesions and oral tumor cells have been found，but most tumor markers in blood and especially in saliva are not enough sensitive and accurate to detect.Oral tumor metastasis is involved in multiple signaling-associated molecules such as TGF-β，cyclooxygenase-2and nitric oxide synthese（NOS）and vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）.