摘要

摘要：2019年是中华人民共和国成立70周年，也是中国共产党在中国执政的第70个年头。中国共产党领导中国人民取得的伟大胜利，使具有5000多年文明历史的中华民族全面迈向现代化，让中华文明在现代化进程中焕发出新的蓬勃生机；使具有500年历史的社会主义主张，在世界上人口最多的国家成功开辟出具有高度现实性和可行性的正确道路，让科学社会主义在21世纪焕发出新的蓬勃生机；使具有70年历史的新中国建设取得举世瞩目的成就，让这个世界上最大的发展中国家在短短40年里摆脱贫困并跃升为世界第二大经济体，创造了人类社会发展史上惊天动地的发展奇迹。在这一个又一个人间奇迹中，打赢脱贫攻坚战、消除千百年来存在的绝对贫困问题不仅是对中华民族具有重大意义的千秋伟业，也是对全人类共同实现繁荣发展的巨大贡献。

本书从历史发展的角度概括了中国共产党治理贫困的波澜壮阔历程。主要包括：新中国成立前中国共产党领导人民战争、争取独立解放，为彻底解决中国的贫困问题奠定了根本前提；新中国成立后创造性地开展社会主义改造、建立社会主义基本制度，为带领广大人民解决温饱问题提供了制度保障；党的十一届三中全会后，中国共产党以巨大的政治勇气和理论勇气开启改革开放进程，为全国人民实现小康社会目标打下了扎实基础；党的十八大以来，党和国家事业发生历史性变革、取得历史性成就，尤其是将脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴战略有机衔接，必将为新时代中国农业农村的高质量发展贡献新的动能。

本书从经验总结的维度梳理了中国共产党治理贫困的理论和实践经验。这其中既包括贯通各个历史时期的基本经验，例如，坚持党对扶贫治理的全面领导，坚持以人民为中心的治理理念，坚持政府职能和市场机制相结合的治理格局；也包括在各个时期形成的具有特殊时代背景的实践经验，例如，以经济指标衡量的开发式扶贫，以经济、社会和公共服务等多维指标衡量的综合式扶贫，以扶持对象精准、项目安排精准、资金使用精准、措施到户精准、因村派人精准、脱贫成效精准等指标衡量的精准扶贫。

本书从全球治理的跨度分析了中国贫困治理的世界意义。当今世界正处在大发展大变革大调整时期，各国相互联系、相互依存，命运与共、休戚相关，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流更加强劲。与此同时，世界经济增长乏力，贫富差距、难民危机、重大传染性疾病等非传统安全威胁持续蔓延。中国共产党提出的构建人类命运共同体的理念和消除绝对贫困的伟大实践，集中体现了其为人类谋和平与发展的东方智慧和时代担当。

最后，真诚希望本书能为讲好中国扶贫故事，传播中国治理经验，推动构建人类命运共同体，努力建设一个更加美好世界发挥自己的微薄力量。

关键词：中国的贫困治理成就；实践经验；世界意义

Abstract: This book summarizes the magnificent history of CPC in poverty alleviation from the perspective of historical development, mainly including: before the founding of New China, the CPC led the people's war, and strived for the independence and liberation; after the founding of New China, the CPC creatively carried out the socialist transformation, and established the basic socialist system; after the Third Plenary Session of the 11 thCPC Central Committee,the CPC launched the process of reform and opening up with great political and theoretical courage, which laid a solid foundation for achieving the goal of a well-off society; and since the 18 th National Congress of CPC, the CPC and the Central Government have made historical changes and achievements,especially the organic integration of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategies.It consolidates CPC's theories and practical experience in poverty alleviation from the dimension of experience summarization, which includes not only the basic experience throughout different historical periods, e.g.CPC's overall leadership in poverty alleviation, the people-centric governance concept as well as the governance structure combining government functions and market mechanisms; but also the practical experience with specific historical background formed in different periods.

This book also analyzes the global significance of poverty alleviation in China from the perspective of global governance.The world today is in a period of big development, big change and big adjustment, during which all countries are interrelated and interdependent with the same destiny, and the trend of peace, development, cooperation and winwin is even stronger.At the same time, the world economy lacks in the power of growth,and the non-traditional security threats such as the gap of wealth, the refugee crisis and major infectious diseases continue to spread globally.The concept of building a human community with a shared future proposed by the CPC and the great practice of eliminating the absolute poverty intensively reflect the oriental wisdom and epochal responsibilities for the peace and development of human beings.

Key Words: China's Achievements of Poverty Alleviation; Practical Experience; Global Significance