摘要

摘要：临沧市是云南省最不发达的地区之一，2.4万平方公里的国土面积有97.5 %是山区，260多万人口。临沧生物多样，气候立体，山高谷深，江河纵横，交通不便，多民族杂居且劳动者素质偏低，在这样的边疆民族贫困地区，要实现全体人民持续脱贫致富，困难重重。

临沧立足区域特征，因地制宜选择产业，持续优化产业布局，持之以恒抓产业发展。20世纪60年代起，开始布局蔗糖产业，用了近30年时间，稳步实现60万蔗农脱贫。1990年起优化布局茶叶产业，覆盖高中低三个海拔段，受益农业人口140万人。2005年开始大规模发展核桃产业，涉及人口100万人，实现高海拔山区32万农民脱贫。2002年将临沧坚果作为生态修复树进行推广种植，2012年开始整体推进，带动建档立卡贫困户6万多户，24万人实现脱贫。到2020年，临沧全部贫困人口如期脱贫，走出了一条依托产业发展持续脱贫、稳定脱贫、长久脱贫之路。

临沧优化产业布局，协调发展，使生态不断得到修复、老百姓收入不断增长、农民综合技能不断提高。本书以临沧坚果产业发展为例，通过实地调研，收集大量的真实案例，结合产业发展相关资料，完整展示临沧坚果产业选择、试种推广、规划布局、示范引导、企业引领、科技支撑的全过程。临沧产业发展的成功经验告诉我们，要因地制宜选择产业、把握全局规划产业、引导群众发展产业、组织联动做大产业、依靠科技做强产业。临沧经验归根结底就是一句话：绿水青山就是金山银山。

关键词：临沧坚果；产业布局；产业发展；精准脱贫；临沧市

Abstract:Lincang City is one of the least developed areas in Yunnan Province,with 97.5 % mountainous area in its land of 24000 square kilometer and a population of more than 2.6 million.It is characterized by biodiversity,three-dimensional climate,high mountains and deep valleys,crisscross rivers,inconvenient transportation,mixed ethnic groups and low quality of workers.In such a povertystricken area,it is difficult for all the people to get rid of poverty and become rich continuously.

However,based on regional characteristics,Lincang chooses industries according to lo cal conditions,continuously optimizes the industrial layout,and persistently focuses on industrial development.In the 1960s,the sugar industry began to be distributed in Lincang City,and 600000 sugarcane farmers were steadily lifted out of poverty in nearly 30 years.Since 1990,the layout of tea industry has been optimized there,covering high,middle and low altitudes,benefiting 1.4 million agricultural people.In 2005,they began to develop the walnut industry on a large s cale,involving a population of 1 million,and as a result,320000 farmers in highaltitude mountainous areas threw off poverty.Lincang nut was popularized in 2002,planted as an ecologi cal restoration tree,and in 2012 the crop was promoted as a whole,driving more than 60000 poverty-stricken households to file and es tablish cards and lifting 240000 people out of poverty.By 2020,all the poor people in Lincang will shake off poverty as scheduled,and a sustainable,stable and long-term way has been found out relying on industrial development.

Lincang industry optimizes the layout and coordinates development,so that the ecology has been constantly restored,the income of the people is growing,and the comprehensive skills of farmers are constantly improved.This study takes the development of Lincang nut industry as an example.Based on numerous collected real cases through field research and the relevant information of industrial development,it fully displays the whole process of the selection,trial planting and promotion,planning and layout,demonstration guidance,enterprise guidance,and scientific and technologi cal support of Lincang nut industry.The successful experience of industrial development in Lincang tells us that we should select industries according to lo cal conditions,grasp their overall planning,guide the masses to develop them,organize linkage to expand them,and rely on science and technology to strengthen them.Lincang experience can be summed as: lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.

Key words:Lincang nut; industrial layout; industrial development; precise poverty alleviation; Lincang City