Abstract

Andrew Heywood，a scholar of political science，argues that controversy of political issues is eventually the controversy of the true meaning of “terms”. Currently，the term of building socialism with Chinese characteristics is one of the most popular and most heatedly discussed terms. Moreover，upholding and developing socialist construction with Chinese characteristics，constructing a well-off，democratic，civilized and harmonious socialist country has become a guideline for building institutional culture of our party in the new era. During the process of exploring the path of Building socialism with chinese characteristics，we have been reconsidering and challenging the concept of socialism. We have had different views on the concept of socialism and the legitimacy of socialism has also been further discussed. Advancement of human civilization is virtually evolution of institutional culture. The “rise of China” not only means material，political and military rise，but the rise of Chinese civilization，namely，the advancement of a new institutional culture. In the process of probing into the in-depth motivations of rejuvenation of Chinese people，we have to admit the spiritual strength and institutional power of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics.

Culture is the mother of institution. A modern nation of prosperity and enlightenment always embodies powerful political institution and rich cultural sources. The intuitional choice and cultural sources of building socialism with Chinese characteristics are logically independent. Institutional evolution has its intrinsic logic and institutional culture also serves as a dependent path to political and economic restructuring. Institutional culture embodies value mentality，institutional design and regime process. Institutional culture serves as the basis and soul of institutional construction，determining the good operation of political system of democracy. The ultimate goal of political civilization is to establish modern political system. The construction of socialist institutional civilization is to construct modern institutional civilization built on modern values，market economy，democratic politics，civil society and the idea of harmony. To further our studies of institutional culture concerning building socialism with Chinese characteristics and to constitute value mentality for institutional culture is of great theoretical，practical and academic significance for broadening our horizon of building socialist political civilization and exploring new paths to institutional civilization with Chinese characteristics.

In the word，it is the contending of institutional culture. The backwardness of a nation can be attributed to institutional backwardness and cultural conservation. To sum up，all the theories and practice of three “three decades” can be attributed to controversy of institutional culture. The history of power-exercising of CPC is a history of exploring a socialist path with Chinese characteristics，also a process of modernizing China’s intuitional culture. How to make a transformation from tradition to modernization，from the Western Mode to Chinese Mode，is a historical and logical starting-point of China’s modernization drive. China’s modernization drive，though fraught with twists and turns，has realized its social transformation and institutional evolution from revolution to reformation，from planned economy to market economy，from prosperity to civilization，from isolation to opening-up and from struggling to harmony. This is a process in which ideological culture has influenced institutional evolution and institutional innovation has broken through ideological fetters，also a process in which a path has been explored to break through institutional barriers. A hundred years’ dream seeking and struggling and six decades’ efforts of the Republic together with thirty years’ reform and opening-up has jointly laid a solid foundation for the great cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics，also accumulated rich experiences and lessons concerning institutional culture. contending between nations.

As far as the whole process of world socialism movements is concerned，construction of institutional culture can maintain progressiveness and vitality of socialism. The institutional cultures of the classic socialism，the traditional socialism，the socialism of Soviet Mode as well as socialism with Chinese characteristics have left us profound lessons and experiences. The modern history of China had made choose socialism，and the basic national conditions of Chinese socialism at elementary stage have made china choose socialism with Chinese characteristics. Only socialism with Chinese characteristics can make China realize modernization of institutional culture. The achievements and experiences of institutional cultural construction has proved that only socialism can save China，only socialism with Chinese characteristics can develop China and make China become well-off，strong and prosperous，only reform and opening-up can develop China，socialism and Marxism. In today’s China，to maintain socialism with Chinese characteristics is maintain socialism in deed，to maintain values of socialism with Chinese characteristics is to maintain Marxism in deed. The success of socialism of Chinese Mode has further demonstrated superiority of China’s institutional culture. The success of socialism with Chinese characteristics has proved the matchless superiority of socialism. There is no universally accepted mode and path of development，also there is no unalterable mode and path of development. The developmental path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a typical Chinese developmental mode full of vitality. Socialism of Chinese characteristics is an institutional mode different from that of classic socialism and traditional socialism. It is a great innovation of institutional civilization of human race，representing the scientific pathway of modernization of institutional culture in China.

Socialism of Chinese characteristics is sort of a politically-driven and post-modernization mode. It is very important for CPC，the ruling party of China to integrate and mobilize political resources，which is a very special legacy of institutional culture. The transformation and evolution of china’s institutional culture at new era has witnessed its innovation of mode，its further development of features. It has also transcended others by making efforts after others. The success of socialism with Chinese characteristics has strongly proved the unmatched superiority of socialism and it has also demonstrated institutional superiority of China. The basic experiences of institutional culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics are：CPC is at the core of ruling，ideological liberation plays a pioneering role，reform and opening-up severs as the driving force，institutional innovation is the key factor，social harmony is the ultimate goal and scientific developmental path oriented to people is the theme. The superiority of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the greatest superiority with which we can surmount all the difficulties and win the new victories of building a well-off society in all respects. All the achievements and advancements we have made lies in fundamental system of socialism，the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics，the theoretic framework of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics is meant to how to establish a sort of modernity to replace traditional modernity. The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a process of formation of China’s modernity. The construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics comprises institutional modernity and cultural nationality. In this sense，it is assort of unfinished modernity. In the new era of reform and opening-up，we have already explored and modeled a market economy with Chinese characteristics，a democratic political system，a system of advanced culture and a harmonious social system. We have ushered in a spacious path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the perspectives of institutional culture，socialism with Chinese characteristics as a oriflamme，path and theoretic system is a breakthrough of mode of traditional socialism，a brand-new institutional design of China’s modernization，a major innovation of human institutional civilization，also a signal of great awakening of CPC’s awareness of power-exercising. The outlook on scientific development and the construction of a harmonious society is a reflection of the progressiveness of our party’s cultural mentality. The studies of Chinese Mode or socialism with Chinese characteristics always comprise the following respects：Marxism of west，philosophical hermeneutics，the contrastive studies of Chinese mode and Soviet Mode，institutional economics，the theory of state and society，the history of modernization，the ideological cultural studies and institutional studies. This present dissertation，from the perspectives of Chinese traditional culture and world institutional civilization，is to discuss cultural origins，historical source and ideological conditions of the institutional mode of socialism with Chinese characteristics so as to innovate and develop the institutional civilization of socialism with Chinese characteristics by absorbing the wisdom of traditional institutional civilizations at home and abroad. It main contents are the following：

Firstly，In terms of scientific socialism and international comparison，socialism with Chinese characteristics equals Chinese Mode，Chinese path or Chinese experiences（introduction，Chapter 1）. Socialism with Chinese characteristics comprises various dimensions like oriflamme，path，mentality，institution and mode. It is a sort value and also a sort of institutional mode. It is a theoretic system and also an innovated institutional mode. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a sort of socialism which integrates basic principles of scientific socialism with basic national conditions and features of times in today’s China. The exactitude of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics which have successfully led China’s development can be explained by the fact that we have maintained the basic principles of scientific socialism and have endowed socialism with distinctive Chinese characteristics. Socialism with Chinese characteristics also includes the intrinsic tension and external conflict of modernity and nationality. The harmony of modernity and nationality is the very contribution of China’s institutional mode to the world institutional civilization. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is new path for man to pursue advancement and civilization，namely，the path to scientific development，harmonious development and peaceful development.

Secondly，from the point of socialism movement，the mode of socialism with Chinese characteristics has demonstrated institutional cultural reason logic characteristics and significance（Chapter 2，3，4）The crux of Chinese path or Chinese experience is the problem of development. But the essence of development is institutional innovation and creative transformation of ideological and cultural tradition. Socialism with Chinese characteristics embodies the unification of universality and particularity，modernity and nationality，inheritance and innovation，and universality and self-independence. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has realized organic integration of the western institutional civilization and traditional Chinese culture，demonstrating the cultural spirit and political wisdom of Chinese people. Pragmatism reason，the ideal of great harmony，the people-oriented thought，the consciousness of innovation and the idea of harmonious culture serve as the culture origin and ideological foundation of sinicization of socialism. It is a great innovation of human institutional innovation. The evolution of institutional culture is in the need of socialism，while the success of institutional culture with Chinese characteristics means the victory of sinicization of scientific socialism in China. Our party has furthered her understanding of socialism with Chinese characteristics by putting forth Deng-xiaoping Theory，the important thought of “Three represents” and the Scientific outlook on development，which are of the same source of “Chinese characteristics” and its development. In the unprecedented social change，CPC has shown her estimable institutional reason and cultural self-consciousness.

Finally，the basic experience and thought of modernity to construct of institutional culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics（Chapter 5，6）. We must take the path of party push institutional innovation so as to promote scientific development and social harmony. Institution is the determining factor，so institutional construction is at the core of political civilization construction. To construct institutional culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics，we must ensure the fairness and justice of social system. The crux of harmonious society and scientific outlook on development is to ensure institutional fairness and justice. For the people，reform the people’s life and innovation of social management. We will construct a system or a regime favorable for scientific development and social harmony and finally，set up an healthy institution full of vitality. Culture brings about social harmony，while institution bring along scientific development. The ever-advancing，creative and ever-transcending institutional culture can be embodied and reflected by market ethics，the institution of political system，state ruled by law，civil society，the spirit of reason and mentality of harmony.

The objective laws governing the evolution of human institutional culture have shown that there is no universally accepted developmental path and mode. The human institutional civilization means the unification of institution and culture. The coordination and interaction between national culture and modern institution constitute the prospect of social-political development of China in the future. The Chinese Mode and Beijing Consensus has remarkably the value rationality of Chinese institutional mode with characterized with harmony between culture and institution.