Unit 3 数词

专题一 基数词的构成、句法功能和用法

一、基数词的构成

1．1至10表示为：one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten。

2．11至19表示为：eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen。

3．20至90中的整十数表示为：twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety。

4．21至99之间的数词须在十位与个位之间加连字符“-”。

eg. twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three, fifty-four, sixty-five, seventy-six, eighty-seven, ninety-eight

5．101至999之间的数词应表示为：几百+and+几十几。“个位基数词+hundred”表示几百。

eg. one hundred and ninety-nine(199), eight hundred and nine(809)

6．1000及以上数字的表示方法：从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右端开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加thousand；第二个“，”前的数字后添加million；第三个“，”前的数字后添加billion；第四个“，”前的数字后添加trillion。两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。

eg. 2, 798 two thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight

68, 888, 666 sixty-eight million eight hundred and eighty-eight thousand six hundred and sixty-six

66, 666, 666, 888, 888 sixty-six trillion six hundred and sixty-six billion six hundred and sixty-six million eight hundred and eighty-eight thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight

二、ten，hundred，thousand，million，billion，trillion的用法

1．ten，hundred，thousand，million，billion，trillion前有基数词表示确指数字时，此类词只用单数形式。

eg. one thousand people一千人 a/one million dollars一百万美元

2．在表示概数的习语中，如“成百上千”“成千上万”“许许多多”等，ten，hundred，thousand，million，billion，trillion这些词后要加s，同时与of构成短语。

eg. thousands of years数千年 tens of thousands of birds数万只鸟

3．hundred of，thousand of，million of等被a few，some，several，many等表示不确定数的词修饰时，用单数形式和复数形式均可。

eg. a few hundred（s）of workers几百名工人 several million（s）of students几百万名学生

三、基数词的句法功能

基数词在句中通常作主语（S）、宾语（O）、定语（Att）、表语（P）、同位语（App）、状语（Ad）等。

eg. The four happily accepted the invitation.四人高兴地接受了邀请。（S）

The little boy asked for two, but his mother just gave him one.

小男孩想要两个，但他妈妈只给了他一个。（O）

There are twenty doctors and thirty nurses in the hospital.

在这家医院里有二十名大夫，三十名护士。（Att）

The population of the city is 20, 000, 000.

这座城市的人口是两千万。（P）

They five worked in a group and they got along well with one another.

他们五人在一个组工作，相处得很好。（App）

My elder brother said he didn't like riding two on a bike.(Ad)

我哥哥说他不喜欢骑自行车带人。

四、基数词的基本用法

1．基数词用于表示事物的编号。

eg. Number 1（No.1）1号 Line 6（L.6）第6行

Building No.9第9幢大楼 Bus No.105 105路公共汽车

Classroom No.10第10教室 Lesson 3，Unit 8 第8单元第3课

2．基数词与名词连用构成复合形容词，中间加连字符，且名词用单数形式。

eg. a seven-day holiday 7天的假期 a 2，000-kilometre road 2000千米的路

3．“基数词+名词+形容词”也构成复合形容词。

eg. a ten-mile-long journey一段10英里长的旅程 a 30-metre-deep well一口30米深的井

基础训练

一、将下面的阿拉伯数字译成英语。

1．18__________

2．118__________

3．8, 018__________

4．33, 333, 333__________

5．404, 444, 444, 444__________

6．9, 999, 999, 999, 999__________

二、根据汉语完成下列英语句子。

1．这部小说已经售出了约二十万册。

The novel has sold about_______copies.

2．地球上有数亿种生物。

There are_______kinds of living things on the earth.

3．暴雨给成千上万的人带来了灾难。

The rainstorm brought disaster（灾难）to_______people.

4．太阳系是大约四十五亿年前形成的。

The solar system was formed（形成）about_______years ago.

5．一年有12个月，大约52周365天。

There are_______months, about__________weeks and_______days in a year.

6．我们学校有大约三千名学生，两百名教师。

There are about_______students and_______teachers.

三、用代号在每句的括号内标出画线基数词的句子成分。

1．Is there room for us three.（　）

2．My grandmother is 105 this year.（　）

3． Six foreign guests visited our village last Sunday.（　）

4． Two were late for school.（　）

5．—How many fish did you catch?

—I caught four.（　）

四、翻译下列词组。

1．第100页__________

2．第二课__________

3．第50中学__________

4．4排5号__________

5．第129路公交车__________

6．一名18岁的女孩__________

7．2小时的步行__________

8．80米宽的河__________

专题二 序数词的构成、句法功能和用法

一、序数词的构成

1．1至10表示为：first（1st），second（2nd），third（3rd），fourth（4th），fifth（5th），sixth（6th），seventh（7th），eighth（8th），ninth（9th），tenth（10th）。

2．11至19表示为：eleventh（11th），twelfth（12th），thirteenth（13th），fourteenth（14th），fifteenth（15th），sixteenth（16th），seventeenth（17th），eighteenth（18th），nineteenth（19th）。

3．20至90中的整十数表示为：twentieth（20th），thirtieth（30th），fortieth（40th），fiftieth（50th），sixtieth（60th），seventieth（70th），eightieth（80th），ninetieth（90th）。

4．21至99之间数词的构成：表示几十的基数词后加连字符和个位序数词。

eg. twenty-first, thirty-second, forty-third, fifty-fourth, sixty-fifth, seventy-sixth, eighty-eighth, ninety-ninth

5．一百以上多位序数词的构成：将最后一个基数词的词尾部分变为序数词形式。

eg. a/one hundredth a/one thousandth one thousand, three hundred and twentieth

二、序数词的句法功能

序数词在句中可以作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）、定语（Att）或状语（Ad）等句子成分。

eg. The first is better than the second.第一个比第二个好。（S）

The girl chose the eighth.那个女孩选择了第八个。（O）

You are the second to tell me the news.你是第二个告诉我这个消息的人。（P）

It was the first time that I had ever been in a plane.那是我第一次乘坐飞机。（Att）

Modern music was first developed in Italy.现代音乐最初是在意大利发展的。（Ad）

三、序数词的基本用法

1．序数词表示事物的先后顺序，一般和定冠词the一起出现在单数可数名词之前。

eg. The first time I saw seals was in an aquarium.我第一次见到海豹是在水族馆里。

2．序数词后面可接一个基数词，再接一个复数名词。

eg. He felt quite homesick when he was here the first six months.他来到这里的头六个月总是很想家。

3．序数词前面加a/an时，表示“再一个（次），又一个（次）”。

eg. Can you try a second time？你能再试一次吗？

4．序数词前有物主代词时，不用加冠词。

eg. This is my third cold this winter.这是我今冬第三次感冒了。

5．序数词用在表示“每隔……”的every后，其前不用冠词。

eg. every second day每隔一天 every fifth week每隔四周

基数词变序数词的口诀：

基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（seventh，tenth）

一、二、三，特别记；结尾分别是t，d，d（first，second，third）

八去t，九去e（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替（fifth，twelfth）；

y变成ie，最后再加th（fortieth，ninetieth）。若是遇到几十几，仅变个位就可以。

基础训练

一、写出下列基数词相应的序数词。

1．one__________

2．two__________

3．three__________

4．five__________

5．eight__________

6．nine__________

7．four__________

8．twelve__________

9．thirteen__________

10．nineteen__________

11．twenty__________

12．forty__________

13．forty-eight__________

14．ninety-nine__________

15．one hundred and fifty-five__________

16．eight thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight__________

二、用句子成分的符号标出下列序数词在句中所作的成分。

1．I lent him the third, but he still wanted the second.（　）

2．There are six apples here, and Peter took the third, the biggest one.（　）

3．Amaris was the first to come.（　）

4．Winter is the fourth season of the year.（　）

5．We gave a party to celebrate my granny's a hundred and fifth birthday.（　）

三、根据汉语完成下列英语句子。

1．Selina是我们班上第1个使用手机的女孩。

Selina is_______to use the mobile phone in our class.

2．这是我今天吃的第8个苹果了。

This is_______that I have eaten today.

3．Edmund每隔两个月去看望爷爷奶奶一次。

Edmund goes to visit his grandparents_______month.

专题三 数词的运用

一、数学词的表示

1．分数：分数是基数词和序数词合成的。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。当分数前面还有整数时，用连词and连接。

eg.one/a thirdthree-fourthstwo and two-thirds

分数构成口诀：分数记忆不费事，分子基，分母序；分子大于1，分母加s。

2．小数：基数词+point（小数点）+基数词（须一一读出）

eg. 0.38 zero point three eight 8.88 eight point eight eight

注意：“0”的读法有zero，nought（美）。

3．百分数：%读作percent/per cent（无复数形式）。

eg. 20%twenty percent/per cent 0.82%zero point eight two percent

4．倍数：twice表示两倍，两倍以上用基数词加times。

（1）倍数（x）+as+形容词/副词的原级+as，表示“A是B的x倍”。

eg. There are ten times as many people as I expected.人数是我预料中的十倍。

（2）倍数（x）+the size/amount/length...+of，表示“A是B的x倍”。

eg. This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。

（3）倍数（x）+形容词/副词比较级+than...，表示“A比B大（x-1）倍”。

eg. This dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.

这本词典比那本恰好贵四倍。

5．四则运算表示法：+：plus/and，-：minus/from/take away。

×:times/multiplied by÷:over/divided by=:equal(s)/is equal to/is/are/makes/make

eg. 3+6=9 Three plus/and six is/equal( s) nine.

5+5=? How much is five plus five?

10-5=5 Ten minus five is five.

4×2=8 Four times two is eight.

20÷4=5 Twenty divided by four is five.

二、时间的表示法

1．世纪、年代、月、日表达法。

（1）世纪：in the eighth/8th century在公元8世纪 in the 1600's在17世纪

（2）年代：in the nineties在90年代 in the 1980s/1980's在20世纪80年代

（3）年、月、日：on October 10，1949=on October（the）tenth，nineteen forty-nine=on（the）tenth of October，nineteen forty-nine在1949年10月1日

2．时刻的表达法。

（1）表示“几点钟”，用“基数词+（o'clock）”结构。

eg. at six（o'clock）在六点钟 上午7点：7 am，读作seven（o'clock）in the morning

（2）“几点过几分”用“分钟+past+小时”，分钟不超过半小时（包括半小时）。“差几分到几点钟”用

“分钟+to+小时”，分钟超过半小时（不含半小时）。

eg. 8:05 five(minutes) past eight 7:40 twenty(minutes) to eight

8:15 a quarter/fifteen past eight 12:45 a quarter/fifteen to one

（3）“几个半小时”的表达：three hours and a half=three and a half hours三个半小时

an hour and a half=one and a half hours一个半小时

基础训练

一、用英语写出下列数学词。

1．__________

2．__________

3．__________

4．__________

5．8/9__________

6．0.22__________

7．3.03__________

8．50%__________

9．90%__________

二、根据汉语完成下列英语句子。

1．我们学校的学生是他们的三倍。

The students in our school are_______as_______as theirs.

2．这座塔的高度是旧塔的两倍。

This tower is_______of the old one.

3．9减3得几？

_______is nine minus three?

4．8除以2得4。

Eight_______two equals four.

5．—加得多少？

——等于。

—How much is a half_______one-third.

—It equals_______.

三、用英语写出下列短语。

1．在19世纪__________

2．在16世纪50年代__________

3．在1921年7月21日__________

4．在8月1日__________

5．在12月__________

6．12:50__________

7．9:30__________

8．7:31__________

9．9:45__________

10．8:15__________

11．10个半小时__________

12．在她二十几岁__________

13．在20世纪60年代__________

14．在7点__________

15．在6:10__________

能力训练

一、用英语写出下列节日的日期。

1．National Day of China__________

2．the Spring Festival of China__________

3．the Lantern Festival of China__________

4．the Dragon Boat Festival of China__________

5．the Mid-Autumn Festival of China__________

6．Tree Planting Day of China__________

7．Teachers'Day of China__________

8．Christmas Day__________

9．Children's Day__________

10．April Fool's Day__________

11．Valentine's Day__________

12．Halloween__________

13．Mother's Day__________

14．Father's Day__________

二、根据句意或提示完成下列英语句子。

1．66, 666, 666, 888, 888 in English reads__________

2．You can see_______(billion) of stars in the sky on a clear night.

3．Yesterday was my brother's_______(twelve)birthday.

4．I usually get up at_______(6:15) every morning.

5．Nancy was among the_______(two) team of nurses to save those wounded soldiers yesterday.

6．Mother will come back from Australia on_______(the fifth day of the week).

7．Steven Jobs，a famous American inventor died in his_______（五十几岁）.

8．Frank has asked me the same question_______（三）times，but he asked about it a_______（four）time just now.

三、单项选择。

1．_______Kobe's fans watched his final match and_______of them were men.

A. Million of; three fourths

B. Three millions; third four

C. Millions of; three fourths

D. Three million; third fours

2．—If your parents wanted to have a_______child, would you agree?

—Of course. But they should make it in_______years'time.

A. second; second

B. two; two

C. second; two

D. two; second

3．—How old is your daughter?

—_______. We had a special party for her_______birthday yesterday.

A. Nine; nine

B. Nine; ninth

C. Ninth; ninth

D. Ninth; nine

4．Amy will be an elder sister. Her parents are going to have_______child.

A. two

B. second

C. the second

5．This is Mr Black's_______visit to Beijing. He has been there twice before.

A. two

B. second

C. three

D. third

6．—What does the fresh juice contain（包含）？

—_______of the juice_______orange. It's very pure（纯的）.

A. Fourth-fifth; are

B. Four-fifths; are

C. Fourths-four; is

D. Four-fifths; is

7．It's a good habit to brush our teeth_______a day.

A. one

B. two

C. twice

D. second

8．Ten years ago the population of our town was_______that of theirs.

A. as twice large as

B. twice as large as

C. twice as much as

D. as twice much as

实战训练

一、同义句转换。

1．She lost her parents when she was 9 years old.

She lost her parents_______nine.

2．We start the second class at 8:50 every morning.

We start the second class at_______nine every morning.

3．He lived in Room 206 in the hotel last Sunday.

He lived in_______206 Room in the hotel last Sunday.

4．During World War Ⅱ the man flew to England.

During_______the man flew to England.

5．James was born on 2 July, 2000.

James was born on_______, 2000.

6．The apple is three times bigger than that one.

The apple is four times_______that one.

二、从括号内选择正确的单词或短语填空。

1．The government of Hefei has built_______(thousand of, thousands of) cheap and good houses for the people.

2．Now, everybody! Please turn to Page_______(Five, Fifth) and look at the_______(nineth, ninth) picture.

3．The water behind the Three Gorges Dam（三峡大坝）should be_______（sixty-five meter，sixty-five meters）higher than down-stream（下游）.

4．—What's one fourth and a half, do you know?

—Yes, it's_______(three-sixths, three-fourths).

三、单项选择

1．He climbed so fast that he reached_______floor in two minutes.

A. nine

B. the nine

C. the ninth

D. ninth

2．—A recent survey shows that 35 out of 45 students in my class will save their phones first in a fire.

—About_______of the students made such a choice? Life is more important, isn't it?

A. half

B. one third

C. two thirds

D. three quarters

3．Here is a survey（调查）about how the 1，000 students from No.2 Middle school go to school on weekdays. One third of the students going to school by bike are girls. Then according to（根据）the form（表）below，_______boys go to school in the same way.

A. 150

B. 100

C. 50

4．—Who won the first prize of the_______Word Table Tennis Championship?

—You mean the match held in_______? Ma Long did.

A. fifty-four; German

B. fifty-fourth; Germany

C. fifty-fourth; German

D. fifty-four; Germany