Chapter 2 认识段落

Unit 1 段落的分类

总分型段落

考考你的眼力

选出下面段落中的主旨句。

Yesterday was the happiest day for me. First of all, it was my birthday and I received a notice of being admitted to Harvard University, which is good news for our family. Secondly, my father was promoted to the manager, which means that he can earn more money for my family in the future. Thirdly, my elder brother whom I have not seen him for about five years flew back from abroad to celebrate for me. He has been in the military school abroad. Finally, my family and I had a dinner and ate cake together; what's more, I received a lot of gifts.

参考答案

Yesterday was the happiest day for me.

阅读攻略

这种段落通常第一句话就会说出作者的观点，或者总结出主要的内容，后面的内容都是在论证这个观点，或者对主要内容进行详细的说明。第一句话是该段落的主旨句，如果是在考试中遇到这种类型的段落，考生应该细读第一句话，略读其他的细节句，务必读懂主旨句。需要注意的是，论证观点或者详解内容时，该类段落通常需要一系列的连接词，使得该文条理清楚、内容连贯、脉络分明。这些连接词有：first, then, for one thing, for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another, still another, second, also等。

随手练一练

找出下面段落的主旨句，以及连接词。

More and more students major in computer science at the University. On the one hand, this is because that the development of computer technology and the network make them interested in computer specialty. This also has a great help for them to operate the computer. On the other hand, office automation is one of the reasons to impacts this trend. People think that work related to computer will be paid higher, and that they can find a job much easier.

参考答案

主旨句：More and more students major in computer science at the University.

连接词：On one hand On the other hand

分总型段落

考考你的眼力

选出下面段落中的主旨句。

Last week I was in hospital for an accident. Mike came to help me with my lessons every day. He always explained to me patiently in order to make me fully understand. Sometimes he brought food for me because my parents were busy. I feel appreciated for him. Anyone in the class asks him questions and he is glad to answer them. Linda, who always has a bad score and she is often criticized by the teacher. As her classmate, Mike helps her study the lessons every day. He also told her some learning skills. Linda got a good score in the last exam and the teacher said it was due to Mike. Mike also helps others on his way home, such as helping the old across the road. Mike is really a helpful person.

参考答案

Mike is really a helpful person.

阅读攻略

分总型段落与总分型段落不同，其主旨句一般位于句末，起到总结前文的作用。在这类段落中，主旨前的内容都是围绕该主题进行事例式展开。段落中一般会提及三件或更多的事例来说明主旨。在这类段落中，提及的事例之间是并列的关系，一般没有连接词，但这并不妨碍对主旨的理解。在阅读这类段落时，注意仔细辨别句首和句末的句子，正确判断哪一个句子是主旨句。

随手练一练

找出下面段落中的主旨句，以及并列事例的关键词。

David's family spent the day enjoying the scenery and attended the local special dancing party in the evening. David and his brother liked diving in the sea. And their parents liked sunbathing on the beach. They also tasted a lot of Hawaii's unique fruit. They reserved two double rooms in the hotel nearest to the sea. The French window in the room is the best place for them to enjoy the night scenery. They stayed there for seven days, and David didn't want to go back to his country. On the last day, they bought a lot of local souvenirs at the duty-free shop. This trip to Hawaii is very memorable for David's family.

参考答案

主旨句：This trip to Hawaii is very memorable for David's family.

并列事例：spent, liked, tasted, reserved, stayed, bought

总分总型段落

考考你的眼力

选出下面段落中的主旨句。

Mark Twain is a famous American novelist.Millions of Pounds is one of his representative works. His another well-known book,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, is included in many children's reading lists. Mark Twain is very good at writing satirical works. His novels range from long, medium, to short works that contain wisdom and a great sense of humor. As is known to all, Mark Twain is a very humorous person, and anecdotes about him can be published into a book. Mark Twain can be called Lincoln in the history of American Literature.

参考答案

主旨句：Mark Twain is a famous American novelist.

总结句：Mark Twain can be called Lincoln in the history of American Literature.

阅读攻略

在总分总型段落中，段落的首句或前两句一般是主旨句，后面的内容一般为细节、事例或数据分析，目的是对主旨句给予支持。在段落的结尾处往往会对整段话进行总结，与开头的主旨句相呼应。在阅读这类段落时，首先准确理解主旨句的意思，再仔细阅读针对该主旨展开的细节信息。但是，这类段落的主旨句仍然是开头的主旨句而不是结尾的总结句。

随手练一练

找出下面段落中的主旨句和总结句。

Around 6 yesterday evening, an explosion occurred at a restaurant in downtown Chicago. When the explosion occurred, there were about ten guests dining in the restaurant, and that didn't include the restaurant staff. The explosion caused serious damage to other businesses around, and a bar in particular was badly damaged. Although the fire caused by the explosion was quickly extinguished, there were still casualties. A French couple were seriously injured because they were close to the explosion. The survey shows that the explosion was due to gas leakage. The explosion has drawn people's attention to the security issue.

参考答案

主旨句：Around 6 yesterday evening, an explosion occurred at a restaurant in downtown Chicago.

总结句：The explosion has drawn people's attention to the security issue.

并列型段落

考考你的眼力

选出下面段落中的罗列标记。

First of all, there is a big shoe shelf behind the door, and every shoes rack in each floor is laden with shoes. Across the porch, we can see a large living room about 70 square meters, and its layout is quite unique. There are two long sofas in the center of living room with a table in fornt of them. In the southeast of the living room is a dining table and six chairs. On the right of the living room is the kitchen, and the cooking utensils inside are neatly placed. On the right hand side of the kitchen is a large refrigerator filled with food.

参考答案

First of all, Across the porch, In the southeast, On the right, On the right hand side

阅读攻略

并列型段落是按照某种分类特征进行罗列描述的叙述结构，并没有一个固定的主旨句。通常在文中有明显的罗列标记，如顺序，方位，时间等。罗列的每一项都是并列关系。因此，根据段落中的罗列标记可快速判断段落类型，并且对段落整体可分条式理解，这有助于帮助阅读者从大段的文字中有条理地进行阅读。

随手练一练

找出下面段落中的罗列标记和对应事物。

First, our company has transnational cooperation with dozens of countries. Since 2005,we have established business partnerships with dozens of developing countries, which helps us to import and export commodities to a large extent. Second, we have been working on the development of high technology to improve our life. The electronic products we produced are sold at home and abroad that has greatly changed people's Internet speed. Third, we are supported by abundant capital. Finally, we have been ahead of other local enterprises in human resources, which is because we provide excellent employee benefits.

参考答案

罗列标记：First, Second, Third, Finally

对应事物：transnational cooperation, working on the development of high technology, supported by abundant capital, ahead of other local enterprises

因果型段落

考考你的眼力

找出下面段落中的主题句。

Nowadays, more and more young people would like to work in the city. The elderly and children are mostly left in the rural areas, which leads to the phenomenon of rural desolate land. Desolate land is not conducive to the development of agriculture, but it is a fact that rural areas lack of labor force. So the government issued the policy of return for subsidies. People who are willing to return their hometown will receibe government subsidies and it helps to stop brain drain in the rural areas.

参考答案

So the government issued the policy of return for subsidies.

阅读攻略

因果型段落分为两种类型：先因后果和先果后因。总的来说，因果型段落的主题句一般出现在具有总结性含义或强调原因、结果的语句后，如：so（所以）, therefore（因此）, in a word（总而言之）, thus（因此）, in summary / in conclusion（综上所述）, in short / in brief（总之）等。所以在阅读此类段落时，可首先寻找结论句（主题句）。

随手练一练

找出下面段落中的主题句和结果。

Since the mobile phone appears, it has greatly changed people's lives. People have more convenient and fast communication. In the past, people can only write to express their feelings, and to wait for a long time to receive a reply. Nowadays, people can just take the mobile phone to communicate with anyone they want. With the development of network, people can do many things with mobile phones, such as shopping, paying, financing, reading news and so on. The mobile phone has not only saved a lot of time for people but also helped them work more efficiently.

参考答案

主题句：Since the mobile phone appears, it has greatly changed people's lives.

结果：People have more convenient and fast communication.

The mobile phone has not only saved a lot of time for people but also helped them work more efficiently.

转折型段落

考考你的眼力

找出下面段落中的主题句。

The horsepower of a car equipped with Germany's new engine has the maximum speed of 300 miles per hour. Moreover, the car has few fuel consumption and much less vehicle exhaust emissions than other cars, which obviously contribute to environmental protection. The company that produces this type of cars claims that the car is a symbol for environmental protection. As for the price, although it is more expensive than other cars, its overall price is still high. However, the car caused dissatisfaction of part consumers because of the tail noise.

参考答案

However, the car caused dissatisfaction of part consumers because of the tail noise.

阅读攻略

在转折型段落中，段落一般可分为两个部分，即：转折前和转折后。而在这类段落中常会遇到表示转折的词：but（但是）, however（然而）, yet（可是）, while（而）, on the contrary（相反）等。有时候转折前后的句子可能并无明显的转折词，但前后表达的意思相反也是转折。转折型段落中的主题句一般是位于转折词后的句子，而并不是前面的内容。

随手练一练

找出下面段落中的主题句并pass掉主题句中不必要的成分。

This painting is a great artist's last painting. There is a clean and tidy courtyard in this painting, with two pieces of lush pomegranate trees in front of the gate. The gate was open, while a man with grey hair sitting in the chair viewing the scenery outside the wall. The painting was named "Life" by the old man, which undoubtedly reflects a life that the old man yearned. The artist was suffering from illness before he died, so we can see from the picture that the writing force is not so strong. A few chicks around the old man shown in the courtyard add a lot of meaning to this painting.

参考答案

主题句：A few chicks around the old man shown in the courtyard add a lot of meaning to this painting.

Pass掉不必要的成分：A few chicks add a lot of meaning.