第1章 北欧风格的形成和发展 Chapter 1 THE FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF NORDIC INTERIOR DESIGN

一、起源 The Origin of Nordic Style

1．风格定义 The Definition of Nordic Style

北欧设计风格是指起源于斯堪的纳维亚地区的设计风格，因此也被称为“斯堪的纳维亚风格”。北欧离欧洲中心国家较远，有着自己独特的气候和传统，在历史上北欧设计很少受到关注，直到19世纪末，北欧设计受到英国工艺美术运动和新艺术运动的影响，逐渐参与到各种设计运动中。20世纪20年代，北欧设计师将北欧多面性的设计哲学融入现代主义设计的民主精神之中，卡雷·克林特（Kaare Klint）的家具探索、阿依努·阿尔托（Aino Aalto）的压制玻璃都奠定了北欧风格的发展方向。尽管北欧各国的设计都有着杰出的历史背景，但是在1950年的一次以“设计在斯堪的纳维亚”为主题的展览后才被作为一种风格而被广泛接受，这次展览从1954年到1957年在美国和加拿大巡回展出，使得“北欧风格”开始真正受到关注。

Nordic style indicates the design style originated from Scandinavian area, thus, also called Scandinavian style. As Northern Europe is far from the center of Europe, and it owns distinctive weather and traditions. Nordic style had received little attention until the end of 19th century when Arts and Crafts Movement had a great impact on it, and then it gradually became the participant in various kinds of design movement. In the 1920s, Scandinavian designers incorporate the design philosophy of Nordic versatility into the democratic spirit of modernism style design. Kaare Klint's exploration on furniture and Aino Aalto's pressed glass laid the design direction of the Nordic style.The design of the Nordic countries had a quite outstanding historical background, but it was not until an exhibition of “Design inScandinavia” in 1950 that was widely accepted as a style. It was a traveling exhibition from 1954 to 1957 in the United States and Canada, which had made Scandinavian style really being focused by the public.

北欧风格与装饰艺术风格、流线型风格等追求时髦和商业价值的形式主义不同，北欧风格简洁实用，体现对传统的尊重，对自然材料的欣赏，对形式和装饰的克制，以及力求在形式和功能上的统一。

Nordic style are different from Art Deco style or streamline style ,which are formalism of pursuing fashion and commercial value. The Nordic style is concise and practical, reflecting respect for tradition, appreciation of natural materials, restraint of form and decoration, and strive to achieve unity in form and function.