第一节 同义替换

一、考点介绍

同义替换是雅思听力中的一个重要考点，各种题型中都会出现。在Cambridge IELTS 7至Cambridge IELTS 11的800道听力题目中，有85%以上的题目都涉及了同义替换。

这种考点的出题思路就是题目和（或）选项中的关键词或词组不会在录音材料中原词重现，而是以同义词或近义词的形式出现。这样就对考生定位关键词造成了障碍。最常见的替换有三种：

一是同义词的替换。这是最简单的一种替换，也是雅思听力考试中最常出现的。比如，题目中的关键词是altogether，在录音中该词有可能被替换成in total、in all等同义词。

二是词性的替换。比如，题目中的关键词是very important，在录音中该词组有可能被替换成of great importance。

三是同反义词的替换。比如，题目中的关键词是close，而录音中说的是not open。

同义替换在雅思听力中无处不在，考生可以结合本书的题目熟练掌握。

二、真题示例

Example 1（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 3 Section 1 Questions 7 and 8）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

SUE: Now I've heard something about Paxton Nature Reserve. It's a good place for spotting unusual birds, isn't it?

MARTIN: That's right—throughout the year. There is a lake there, as well as a river, and they provide a very attractive habitat. So it's a good idea to bring binoculars if you have them. And just at the moment you can see various flowers that are pretty unusual—the soil at Paxton isn't very common. They're looking good right now.

SUE: Right. My husband will be particularly interested in that.

【考点点拨】

7 Paxton is a good place for seeing rare ………………… all year round.

答案：birds

预测：画出题目中的关键词seeing rare。根据题目中的seeing rare…………，预知要填名词，表示看到的某种稀有的东西。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：

SUE: Now I've heard something about Paxton Nature Reserve. It's a good place for spotting unusual birds, isn't it?

MARTIN: That's right—throughout the year.

考点：同义替换。空格前的关键词是seeing rare，录音中与之同义替换的表达是spotting unusual，答案就是birds。另外，定位句中的throughout the year和空格后的all year round也是同义替换。

8 This is a particularly good time for seeing certain unusual ………………… .

答案：flowers

预测：画出题目中的关键词seeing certain unusual。根据题目中的seeing certain unus-ual …………………，预知要填名词，表示看到的某种不寻常的东西。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段话：And just at the moment you can see various flowers that are pretty unusual—the soil at Paxton isn't very common. They're looking good right now.

考点：同义替换。空格前的关键词是seeing certain unusual，录音中与之同义替换的表达是see various，答案就是flowers。

Example 2（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 3 Section 2 Questions 12 and 13）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

Changes in the road network are affecting the town. The centre was recently closed to traffic on a trial basis, making it much safer for pedestrians. The impact of this is being measured. The new cycle paths, separating bikes from cars in most main roads, are being used far more than was expected, reducing traffic and improving air quality. And although the council's attempts to have a bypass constructed have failed, we haven't given up hope of persuading the government to change its mind.

Shopping in the town centre has changed over the years. Many of us can remember when the town was crowded with people going shopping. Numbers have been falling for several years, despite efforts to attract shoppers, for instance by opening new car parks. Some people combine shopping with visits to the town's restaurants and cafes. Most shops are small independent stores, which is good, but many people prefer to use supermarkets and department stores in nearby large towns, as there are so few well-known chain stores here.

【考点点拨】

12 What change in the road network is known to have benefited the town most?

A the construction of a bypass

B the development of cycle paths

C the banning of cars from certain streets

答案：B

预读：画出题目中的关键词change、road network、benefited...most、town，题目问的是公路网的什么变化被认为对城市最有利。再画出选项中的关键词：A construction、bypass, B development、cycle paths, C banning、cars from、streets。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段话：Changes in the road network are affecting the town. The centre was recently closed to traffic on a trial basis, making it much safer for pedestrians. The impact of this is being measured. The new cycle paths, separating bikes from cars in most main roads, are being used far more than was expected, reducing traffic and improving air quality.

考点：同义替换。题目中的关键词change、road network、town在定位句中重现，定位句中的far more than was expected和题目中的benefited...most是同义替换，定位句说的是cycle paths，和选项B中的关键词相符，答案就是B。

13 What is the problem affecting shopping in the town centre?

A lack of parking spaces

B lack of major retailers

C lack of restaurants and cafes

答案：B

预读：画出题目中的关键词problem affecting shopping，题目问的是在市中心影响购物的问题是什么。再画出选项中的关键词：A lack、parking spaces, B lack、major retailers, C lack、restaurants、cafes。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：...but many people prefer to use supermark-ets and department stores in nearby large towns, as there are so few well-known chain stores here.

考点：同义替换。定位句中的few well-known chain stores和选项B中的lack...major retailers是同义替换，答案就是B。

Example 3（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 1 Section 2 Question 11）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

Welcome to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm. This open-air museum gives you the experience of agriculture and rural life in the English countryside at the end of the nineteenth century. So you'll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time.

I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further. As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals. We have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare.

【考点点拨】

Fiddy Working Heritage Farm

Advice about visiting the farm

Visitors should

·take care not to harm any 11 …………………

答案：animal/animals

预测：画出题目中的关键词not to harm。根据题目中的not to harm …………，预知要填一个名词，表示不能伤害的事物。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals.

考点：同义替换。定位句中的don't frighten or injure和空格前的not to harm是同义替换，答案就是animals，也可以写animal。

Example 4（Cambridge IELTS 8 Test 1 Section 2 Question 12）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

Hello, and thank you for asking me to your teachers' meeting to talk about the Dinosaur Museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your students there.

Well, let me give you some of the basic information first. In regard to opening hours, we're open every day of the week from 9. 00 am to 8. 00 pm except on Mondays when we close at 1.30 pm. And, in fact the only day in the year when we're closed is on the 25th of December. You can book a guided tour for your school group any time that we're open.

【考点点拨】

12 The museum is not open on ………………… .

答案：25 December/Christmas Day

预测：画出题目中的关键词not open。根据题目中的not open on …………，预知要填日期。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：And, in fact the only day in the year when we're closed is on the 25th of December.

考点：同义替换。题目中的关键词是not open，录音中与之同义替换的表达是closed，后面听到的日期是the 25th of December。由于题目要求填写不超过2个词和/或1个数字，所以答案就是25 December。由于这一天是圣诞节，所以答案也可以写Christmas Day。

Example 5（Cambridge IELTS 8 Test 3 Section 1 Question 4）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

WOMAN: Okay, let me have a look at what we've got….We have photographs of all the houses on our books, so you can get an idea of what they're like. There's this one in Oakington Avenue, at￡550 a month. Combined living room and dining room, with a separate kitchen. It doesn't have a garage, though you can park in the road.

MAN: Ah, we'd prefer to have one, if possible.

【考点点拨】

答案：garage

预测：画出题目中的关键词Oakington Avenue、￡550、no。根据题目中的no ………，预知要填名词，表示缺少的东西。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段话：There's this one in Oakington Avenue, at￡550 a month. Combined living room and dining room, with a separate kitchen. It doesn't have a garage, though you can park in the road.

考点：同义替换。题目中的关键词Oakington Avenue、￡550在定位句中重现，后面听到了doesn't have a garage，这里的doesn't have和空格前的no是同义替换，并且题目要求只填写1个词和/或1个数字，答案就是garage。