【21：30～22：00　睡前半小时英语】

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Sign has become a scientific hot button.Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand.They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language，and throw new light on an old scientific controversy whether language，complete with grammar，is something that we are born with，or whether it is a learned behavior.The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington，　D.　C.，the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people.

When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English，the school enrolled him in a course in signing.But Stokoe noticed something odd among themselves，students signed differently from his classroom teacher.

Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code，each movement of the hands representing a word in English.At the time，American Sign Language（ASL）was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English（混杂英语）.But Stokoe believed the“hand talk”his students used looked richer.He wondered might deaf people actually have a genuine language and could that language be unlike any other on Earth.It was 1955，when even deaf people dismissed their signing as substandard.Stokoe's idea was academic heresy（异端邪说）.

It is 37 years later.Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution.For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English，French and Japanese.They assumed language must be based on speech，the modulation（调节）of sound.But sign language is based on the movement of hands，the modulation of space.What I said，Stokoe explains，is that language is not mouth stuff—it's brain stuff.

1.The study of sign language is thought to be _________.

A.a new way to look at the learning of language

B.a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language

C.an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language

D.an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language

2.The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by __________.

A.a famous scholar in the study of the human brain　B.a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts

C.an English teacher in a university for the deaf　D.some senior experts in American Sign Language

3.According to Stokoe，sign language is _________.

A.a substandard language　B.a genuine language

C.an artificial language　D.an international language

4.Most educators objected to Stokoe's idea because they thought _________.

A.sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people

B.sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted

C.a language should be easy to use and understand

D.a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds

5.Stokoe's argument is based on his belief that _________.

A.sign language is as efficient as any other language

B.sign language is derived from natural language

C.language is a system of meaningful codes

D.language is a product of the brain

※答案与解析※

1.B　依据第一段第三句话。该句指出：手势语提供了一种新的方法来探讨大脑是如何产生语言和理解语言的，并对—个古老的科学争论提供了新的线索：人的语言连同语法到底是生来就有的还是后天习得的，由此可知，这是对传统的语言性质的观点的挑战，故选项B为正确答案。

2.C　根据第一段倒数第一句“The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington，　D.　C.，the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people.”可知，选项C为正确答案。

3.B　依据第三段第二、第三以及第四句内容“At the time，American Sign Language（ASL）was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English（混杂英语）。But Stokoe believed the“hand talk”his students used looked richer。He wondered：might deaf people usually have a genuine language？”可知，手势语是一种真正的语言。故选项B为正确答案。

4.D　依据最后一段第三、第四句内容。该文指出：几十年来，教育家都在与手势语就像英语、法语和日语一样是自然语言这样的观点进行着斗争，他们认为语言必须以言语（即声音的调节）为基础。由此可知，选项D为正确答案。

5.D　依据最后一段最后一句话 （“What I said，”Stokoe explains，“is that language is not mouth stuff—it's brain stuff”）。由此可知，选项D为正确答案。