2 这里的不定冠词a相当于a certain,用于特指
问:我有几个问题请教。请看下面5道江苏省镇江市中考多项选择题:
(1)—Have you seen book?I left it here a moment ago. —Is it new English book?I saw it was taken away by John.
A. a, a
B. the, the
C. the, a
D. a, the
所给答案是A。我认为答案C也对,并且比A更妥当。因为I left it here…中的it指代特定的事物,若用a则表示泛指了,我的看法对吗?
(2)I’d like to know you will have your coffee, with sugar or milk?
A. if
B. what
C. which
D. how
所给答案是D,把with sugar or milk看作coffee的定语,答案可否是C?
(3)—Which coat will you take, the new one or the old one?—.
So I can change them if I want to wash it?
A. Both
B. Neither
C. Either
D. None
答案是A,可知句中的them是指Both,那么句中的it是指the new one还是the old one?
(4)The trousers in the shop cost so little that I decided to buy .
A. several ones
B. several
C. several others
D. several other ones
正确答案是B,那么答案A对吗?several可否指代像trousers这样的名词?
(5)The more you think about it, the more questions you will think of .
A. ask
B. asked
C. asking
D. to ask
答案是D,那么答案C为什么不对呢?
答:句(1)答案A中的第一个不定冠词a在句(1)中并非泛指,它不同于下列句子中的a。例如:
(6)A lion is a dangerous animal.(狮子是危险的动物。——相当于any)
句(1)中的a是特指,意为:“某一个(本、张、位)”,相当于a certain。例如:
(7)Then an idea came to him, which he calmly considered.
(8)I went into a stationer’s to buy a picture.
(9)A girl phoned me.
上述例证中的a(n)均相当于a certain,是指某一特定的人或物,尤其多用于表示时间或地点的名词前,只是语气没有a certain强而已。例如:
(10)1 can’t remember a Christmas when it snowed so much.
可见所给答案是正确的。句(2)中不可把with sugar or milk看作定语(它是状语),也不可用which,因为这里有明显的语法错误且与句意也不相符。同样,所给答案是对的。句(3)中的it既可指代the new one也可指代the old one,但只能指其中的一件,所以用it。句(4)的答案B. several在这里是代词,相当于several pairs of trousers。several用作代词,意为:“几个(人或物),数个”(more than a few but not very many),多用作主语或宾语,除句(4)外,又如:
(11)There are several here that I don’t know.
(12)Several of the prisoners said they had been badly treated.
(13)I already have several.
(14)We managed to recover several of the missing articles.
答案A不可用,但可说several pairs,several其后通常须接名词,如several boys,several languages,several times,several ways等。句(5)中的questions you will think of to ask结构类似于questions you will have to ask,所以这种结构不可用asking,更不可把asking questions看作of的宾语。Asking questions可作think of的宾语,但其意义则变成了“想提问题”,在语义逻辑上不妥。同样,所给答案D也是对的。