Sentence 1
英文原文：
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
TPO-1(2001.11.8): Groundwater
本题全文及相应译文见免费共享资料“黄金阅读”【1】
参考翻译：
如果空隙很大，其中的水会以水滴形式存在，（水滴）太重超过吸引它的表面张力，就会流走；但如果空隙足够小，水会以薄膜形式存在，（薄膜）太轻无法克服使它保持原位的表面张力，从而使水被牢牢地留住（在空隙表面上）。
知识点小结：
1.词组“exist as”意思是“作为……而存在，以……的形态存在”，比如：
a. Matter can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.
（以……的形态存在）
物质以固体、液体或气体的形态存在。
b. Though scattered and persecuted, the Jews still exist as a nation【2】
（作为……而存在）
虽然被离散并受迫害，今天犹太人依然作为一个民族生存了下来。
2.“too… to”是个很常见的句型，意思是“太……以至于不能……”，简单的用法大家肯定都了解，比如：This question is too difficult for me to answer.（这个问题太难了，我回答不出来。）但是如果此句型经过一番改造，变得略微复杂时，比如本句中“too… to”之间的内容就比较长，有些考生就容易犯晕了。
看句子时要看到以下骨架“sth. +is + too + adj./n. + for sb./sth. + to do sth.”。“for”后面的“sb./sth.”是“to do”部分动作的执行者，该部分可有可无。重要的是大家看到长句子前面的“too”时，就应该有意识地去找后面的“to”，只要找到这个结构，再长、再复杂的句子也就都容易攻下了。
3.要弄清楚“holding them in place”是分词短语作修饰语，修饰前面的名词“the force of surface tension”。长难句中经常会出现分词短语作修饰语的情况，分词短语包括现在分词 v-ing和过去分词 v-ed两种形式。其实分词短语作修饰语就相当于一个定语从句，大家不妨看看以下这几个例子：
a. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
相当于：Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.
b. Thin films are too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place.
相当于：Thin films are too light to overcome the force of surface tension which holds them in place.
至于什么时候用现在分词，什么时候用过去分词，这要看句子的先行词和动作之间的关系。如果是主动关系，就用现在分词，比如“the force of surface tension”（表面张力）和“hold”之间是主动关系，所以原句中为“... holding them ...”；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词，比如“people”和“invite”之间是“被邀请”的关系，这也是使用“Most of the people invited...”的缘由。
可能好多考生以前在阅读长难句时，经常会因为分词结构的短语而弄混整句话的意思。了解完上述内容以后，希望大家再遇到分词（现在分词或过去分词）的时候可以注意一下，分清楚句中成分到底是主动关系，还是被动关系。
与本次句子翻译相关的阅读题目：
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
A. Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it is strong enough to hold on to thin fi lms of water in rocks with small pores.
B. Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small pores through surface tension.
C. Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.
D. If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held fi rmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.
汉英翻译练习：
如果我们可以在污染防治管理方面做好措施，即使在社区附近建立工厂，周边的环境也不会受到很大影响；但是如果我们（在污染防治管理方面）做得不好，环境承受的压力可能会过大而导致无法维持生态平衡。
参考翻译：
If we take proper measures in pollution control, even if we build a factory near the community, the surrounding environment would not be affected a lot; but if we don't, the pressure on the environment would be too much for the ecological balance to be retained.
请将以上句子扩充后的中文段落翻译成英文：
（1）当然，在社区附近设立工厂也将有不少缺点：环境污染是最重要的一条。（2）首钢，举个例子来说，就是由于这个原因搬离北京的。（3）但这一缺陷可以通过做好污染的防治管理工作来解决。（4）如果我们在污染防治管理方面做得不好 ,环境承受的压力可能会过大而导致无法维持生态平衡；但是如果我们可以在污染防治管理方面做好措施 ,即使在社区附近建立工厂，周边的环境也不会受到很大影响。
大家想一想，该翻译练习是不是可以用到下面的托福写作中呢？
A company had announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.
——来自老托福 185题库（2001.5）
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