确定题型，分配模板
雅思作文的写作需要着重写好文章的框架（framework），也就是文章的结构，它决定了一篇写作是否达到要求。我们常说的“模板”实际上就是一篇作文的框架，这就好比盖房子，要先固定好四柱八梁，漂亮的砖瓦才能往里砌，对不对?
写作文好比是盖房子。盖房子，首先要考虑三个问题：
1．为什么要盖这座房子?
2．盖什么样式的房子?
3．用什么样的材料和技术来盖这座房子?
写文章，首先也要考虑三个问题：
1．为什么要写这篇文章?
2．写一篇什么样式的文章?
3．用什么样的语言材料和语言技巧来写这篇文章?
这就是文章的三大要素：主旨、结构、语言。这里的“结构”，也就是文章的样式。一般说来，文章的基本样式就是“三大块”：“开头（introduction）——主体（body）——结尾（conclusion）”。所谓语言，就是用来写文章的语言材料和语言技能。盖房子，没有砖瓦、沙石、水泥、钢材，是做不成的，写文章没有材料，也是写不出来的，“巧妇难为无米之炊”。盖房子，没有很好的工艺，就做不出美观适用的房子；写文章，没有很强的语言技能，也写不出漂亮的文章。
有人这样盖房子吗?不管为什么要盖这座房子，不管房子的用途，也不设计好房子的样式，连砖瓦、沙石、水泥、钢材这些建筑材料也没有准备好，就找来几个工人，要他们动手盖房子，同学们想一想，这房子能盖好吗?有这样盖房子的人吗?
但是，这样写文章的人却不少!不知道为什么要写这篇文章，也就是不明确主旨，又不知道要写成一个什么样式的文章，也就是不懂得结构，语言材料也没准备好，语言技能也不行，怎能写好文章呢?于是，有的人两手摸白纸，两眼望青天，不知如何动笔；有的人呢，硬着头皮，提笔就写，写了第一句，不知道第二句怎么写，像挤牙膏一样，东一句，西一句，七扯八拉，杂乱无章，写出的东西就可想而知了。
因此，写文章，一定要记住文章的“三大要素”：主旨、结构、语言。还要记住文章的“三大块”：开头、主体、结尾。这也是所有写作模板的基本结构。
恰当的雅思写作模板可以使雅思写作备考更快、更有效率。但是，不是所有的模板都是通用的，雅思大作文的类型有很多，要根据不同类型的文章设计不同的作文模板。雅思大作文的经典题型主要有四种：同意不同意型（agree or disagree）、观点对比型（discuss both views and give your opinion）、利弊分析型（advantages or disadvantages）以及原因措施型（problems, reasons, and solutions），下面就一一道来。
经典题型之同意不同意型
同意不同意题型作为最常考的一类题目，其提问形式主要分为两种：
1．给出现象或观点，问是否同意
例：Some people said that the government shouldn't spend money on building theaters or sports stadiums but should spend more money on medical care and education. Do you agree or not agree?
2．给出现象或观点，问你从多大程度上同意
例：Some people claim that using tobacco has brought severe social problems and smoking should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
下面我们来看一下该题型的模板。
模板范例
TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people say that the government should not put money on building theatres and sports stadiums. They should spend more money on medical care and education.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
思路全解
题目分析：有人认为政府不应该把钱花在建造剧院和体育馆上，应该花更多的钱在医疗和教育上。你在多大程度上同意或不同意这种观点?
题型分析：由题目中的To what extent do you agree or disagree?可以确定本题题型为同意不同意型（agree or disagree），按照该题型模板，大致可以写四到五段。
SAMPLE ANSWER
Much discussion concerning allocation of resources assumes that the government should spend money on medicine and education rather than on theatres and sports stadiums. In my opinion, this issue should be examined from the angle of whether the investment benefits the great majority of the population.
The institutions of medical care and education, undoubtedly, should receive priority in the allocation of a government's expenditures, at the thought of millions of children from deprived backgrounds who now get a substandard education, and who would require a relatively high quality of education if they are to enjoy anything approaching equality of opportunity in later life. Another pressing need of society is improvement of medical care for the adult poor, for the aged, and so forth down the list.
Theatres and sports stadiums are institutions for promoting human culture. A successful theatrical event is an exciting and stimulating experience, whether it occurs in a grand theatre or a high school auditorium. Spectators as well as those involved in the production feel this excitement. Sports stadiums, on the other hand, attract millions of spectators to watch professionals play every year. Many more millions watch games on television, read about them in newspapers, and discuss them with their friends. Therefore, can we say that these are unnecessary public expenditures the government should ignore?
In conclusion, today man is becoming ever more aware of his spiritual needs. Medicine and education are needs that we recognize, but aren't contacts with theatrical or sports events also basic needs? (250 words)
亮点词汇
allocation of resources 资源配置
priority n. 优先处理的事
deprived adj. 贫困的
pressing adj. 迫切的
aware of 意识到
spiritual needs 精神需要
范文点评
作者在首段首先表明了自己的观点“这个问题应该从投资是否有利于绝大多数人的角度考量”。主体段1肯定了教育和医疗体系的积极作用；主体段2表明剧院和体育馆能够推动人类文明。结尾段通过反问句强调了文章的主题。结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，以引起读者深思。
范文用词准确，且词汇达到了多样性；文中的语法结构运用得当；长短句适宜；句型丰 富；含有定语从句、宾语从句，条件状语从句等。
经典题型之观点对比型
观点对比型的提问方式通常为Discuss both views and give your opinion. 因此，题目中必然会有双方观点。可能是正反方，观点完全对立。如：
Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between the poor people and the rich people, while some others say this has an opposite effect. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
也可能只是对于某一话题的不同看法意见而已。如：
Some people think that politicians have the greatest influence on the world. Other people, however, believe that scientists have the greatest influence. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
下面我们来看一下该题型的模板。
模板范例
TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think that by paying taxes they have made enough contribution to their society, others think there are more responsibilities than paying taxes.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
思路全解
题目分析：有人认为他们通过纳税已经为社会做足了贡献，其他人认为除了纳税外，公民还有更多的社会责任。讨论两个观点并阐述你的看法。
题型分析：由题目中的Discuss both views and give your opinion.可以确定本题题型为观点对比型（discuss both views and give your opinion），按照该题型模板，大致可以写四段。
SAMPLE ANSWER
Paying taxes is a compulsory obligation for almost everyone, be it an organization or individual, as it is indispensable for national growth and stability. Some people believe that they have made enough contributions to the society by paying taxes, while others argue that paying taxes is too narrow an approach to shoulder one's social responsibilities.
Supporters of the former view have their reasons, and it is the fact that responsibilities associated with taxation have always been a central element of citizenship. For one thing, taxation is a critical financial support for the government to provide a range of social services, such as health care and national defense, which are not affordable to individuals. For another, collecting taxes is an effective tool of income redistribution for the government to ensure social fairness, by imposing heavy taxes on the rich and providing allowances to low-income citizens.
Advocates of the latter view, however, contend that paying taxes is still far from enough. Besides paying dues to maintain a functioning government, organizations and individuals can take care of other people's needs, by, for example, assisting students from poor families with their education or helping with the rescue relief. People can also take their responsibility for the environment through saving resources and reducing consumption.
In my opinion, the paying of taxes is a mainstream part of people's social responsibility, and it is an important obligation for every citizen to pay their taxes on a regular basis. On top of that, people should make various contributions to the society within the reach of their abilities. (266 words)
亮点词汇
compulsory adj. 强制性的
indispensable adj. 不可或缺的
shoulder v. 肩负
redistribution n. 再分配
impose on 强加于
advocate n. 倡导者
contend v. 主张
on a regular basis 按期
on top of that 除此以外
within the reach of 在……所能及的范围内
范文点评
作者在首段首先对题目的两种观点进行了同义转述。主体段在讨论两个观点时，先表明 对前一种观点的立场，之后强调纳税是公民的一项责任，同时指出还应该履行其他责任，如帮助贫困学生、节能降耗等。结尾段提出本人观点。
范文用词达到了多样性，用词地道；文中语法结构突出，句式新颖，长短句适宜，是一篇典型的优秀范文。
经典题型之利弊分析型
利弊分析的经典题型通常是给出现象或者观点，讨论优缺点或利弊。例如：
Some people suggest that we should invent an international language which can be used by people all over the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?
此外，常见的利弊分析类文章有以下一些问法：
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Do you think its benefits exceed its drawbacks?
Does the usefulness outweigh the limitations?
To what extent do you think it is negative or positive?
下面我们来看一下该题型的模板。
模板范例
TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
In many cities, planners have separated schools, homes, shops, offices in specific areas which were widely separated from each other.
Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadvantages to the city residents?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
思路全解
题目分析：很多城市的规划者在某些区域将学校、住处、商场和办公区域都明显地独立开来，你认为这样规划对于城市居民来说优势多于劣势吗?
题型分析：由题目中的Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadvantages to the city residents?可以确定本题题型为利弊分析型（advantages or disadvantages），按照该题型模板，大致可以写四段。
SAMPLE ANSWER
Some city planners propose that cities should set up separated regions for malls, educational facilities, office buildings and residential areas. Advocators hold the view that residents will be less disturbed when they live in a not intensive residential area, whereas objectors continuously reveal the inconvenience caused by the separation.
It is true that inhabitants could enjoy a great deal of convenience according to the new urban planning, e.g. people will have no difficulties in finding particular places where they have never been. It is more like a paradise for women when all the shopping malls are deployed together. Not much extra time is required to travel from one shopping center to another; as long as they finish visiting one of them, the only thing they need to do is to walk to another. To locate specific areas separately could enable people to live peacefully and quietly. For those who used to live near the noisy shopping center, they no longer need to be burdened with noisy days and nights, for those who used to work near factories, they no longer need to suffer from the disturbance, and for those who used to live near highly-contaminated factories, they no longer need to breathe polluted air.
There are, however, some disadvantages. It takes long time for people to travel from one area to another, which further causes transport stress. Unless it is a city still lying in the blueprint, it is unrealistic to completely separate areas with different functions, e.g. the construction and removing cost will be so astronomical that no government can undertake.
In conclusion, on the whole this proposal of separating different facilities from each other is positive, although I accept it may have some drawbacks. (296 words)
亮点词汇
intensive adj. 集中的
paradise n. 天堂
be burdened with 受……所累
highly-contaminated 污染严重的
astronomical adj. 天文数字般的
范文点评
作者首先在首段对提纲内容进行了同义转述，并分别提出了正反两方面的观点。主体段包括两段：段1提出人们支持此规划的原因；段2提出反对此规划的原因。结尾段提出自己的观点，支持此规划方式。
范文用词准确，词汇多样，无拼写错误，文中运用较多的复合句，运用得当，如：宾语 从句, 并列句兼同位语从句兼条件状语从句, 原因状语从句以及宾语从句兼条件状语从句等。
经典题型之原因措施型
原因措施型这一经典题型通常是给出现象或者观点，要求讨论引起此现象或观点的原因、可能引发的结果，并提出解决方案。通常的提问方式为：What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?
模板范例
TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Nowadays, traffic jam has become more and more serious.
What are the reasons? How to solve it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
思路全解
题目分析：现如今，交通拥挤问题越来越严重。原因是什么?如何解决这一问题?
题型分析：由题目中的What are the reasons? How to solve it?可以确定本题题型为原因措施型（problems, reasons, and solutions），按照该题型模板，大致可以写四段。
SAMPLE ANSWER
With the ever-increasing speed of urban development, the volume of road traffic in most cities and towns has grown out of control. During the rush hour, buses and private cars are always trapped in the traffic congestion where people waste hours every day just because of the poor road condition. This essay will explore the causes of this situation and some possible actions that can be taken to solve this problem.
To start with, the increasing number of private cars is the main cause of traffic jams. With the fast development of social economy, more citizens are able to afford private cars, which bring them great convenience. Instead of taking the sardine-packed buses or the metro to work, people now have the option to commute in their own cars. However, this new trend inevitably worsens the traffic. Another major cause of the high traffic volume is the over-population in large cities. Offering many more job opportunities with better career development, metropolises such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have attracted millions of people from other parts of the country. Unfortunately, the public transportation systems in the cities are comparatively under-developed and cannot support the booming population, which naturally results in the traffic problem.
In order to alleviate the pressure on road traffic in towns and cities, the following suggestions should be taken into consideration. First of all, the government can discourage the citizens from owing and driving private cars by charging higher fees. In the meantime, the public transportation system should be upgraded so as to increase the total capacity. Moreover, the government can encourage the citizens to take buses or the metro to work by lowering the ticket prices.
In conclusion, the over-crowding of city roads is the result of unbalanced urban development, which can be solved with the joint efforts of both the government and the average citizens. (309 words)
亮点词汇
out of control 失去控制
trap v. 困住
sardine-packed adj. 拥挤不堪的
metropolis n. 大城市
booming adj. 繁荣发展的
alleviate v. 缓和
over-crowding n. 过度拥挤
joint efforts 共同努力
范文点评
作者首先在首段对提纲内容进行了拓展，并表明了自己的观点。主体段包括两段：段1指出了造成交通拥挤的两个主要原因：原因一：私家车（private cars）数量激增；原因二：城市人口越来越密集，而公共交通落后。段2提出了针对这一问题的3个解决办法。结尾段进行总结。
范文用词准确，词汇多样，无拼写错误。文中运用较多的复合句，运用得当，如定语从句等。