四大句型，凸显水平
关于雅思作文，大家最大的困惑可能就是怎样才能把一个句子写得精彩。那么，什么样的句子才是精彩的句子呢?首先，难词用得多绝对不是精彩—用词难不等于用词地道。通篇的难词不会让IELTS examiners对你高看一眼，反而有可能起到反作用。
同样，如果一篇文章，从头到尾，永远用的只有一种句型，那么这篇文章也一定拿不到高分。掌握多样的句型是灵活应用英语语言的最佳体现。句式不同，表达效果也就不同。只有句式多样化，文章才会生动有趣，充满活力。恰当地使用某些方法或手段有助于实际表达形式的多样化，增强表达效果。下面为考生们准备了能够凸显写作水平的四大句型。
这个“杀手”不太冷—巧用连接词
有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so，and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用连接词，尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词，如 who，which，that，because，since，although，after，as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，as if等，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。
真题例句回放
1．These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways.(C4例句)
2．The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.(C5例句)
3．If primary language teaching is not standardized, secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in different languages within their intake, resulting in a classroom experience which undoes the earlier gains.(C9例句)
典型示例
例1：Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact.
这段文字用简单句表达，名句之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。如果使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如：
It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, though it is unlikely to be true.
例2：The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world, and in spring time it often overflows its banks, and the lives of many people are endangered.
此句用and把三个分句一贯到底，既乏味又可笑。如果使用了关系代词which，语义就会更连贯，语言也会更流畅。例如：
The Mississippi River, which is one of the longest rivers in the world, often overflows its banks in the spring time, endangering the lives of many people.
大话“句子开头”
句子是文章的重要组成部分，好的文章离不开好的句子。中文写作讲究“起承转合”，其中起段最难写，而整个段落中第一句话最难写，同样也是最重要的。一个成功的句子可以领导一个成功的段落，继而是整篇文章。
高尔基曾说：“开头第一句是最困难的，好像音乐里的定调一样，往往要费很长时间才能找准。”这句话恰如其分地说明了文章开头的重要性和难度。好的句子开头应该有哪些具体要求呢?那就是自然、新颖，能够吸引examiners。
许多学生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词性，用名词和代词作为句子的开头，如 People，We，I，He，They，She等。但这种开头见多了，难免让人厌倦。试比较：
A.People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food.
B.There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food.
第一句用非人称名词作为主语开头，第二句则用there + be句型开头。这样既改变了主语+谓语+宾语单调句型，又把想强调的意思突出出来。再比如：
A.Mr. Boyd was very angry and began to defend his reputation with strong arguments.
B.Angry, Mr. Boyd began to defend his reputation with strong argument.
第一句同样以人名为主语开头，第二句则用表语形容词开头，不但句式新颖，而且能够强调主语的情绪。实际上，为了把文章写得生动活泼，除了用主语开头外，还可以用句子的其他成分开头。
真题例句回放
1．On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this position.(C4例句) —以介词短语开头
2．Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.(C4例句) —以方式状语开头
3．By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.(C5例句) —以比较状语开头
4．In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values.(C8例句) —以目的状语开头
5．Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.(C6例句) —以副词开头
6．To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers.(C8例句) —以不定式短语开头
7．To participate in this special occasion, I would need to be away from work for four days, from Monday 19th to Thursday 23rd.(C9例句) —以不定式短语开头
典型示例
例1：以宾语开头
My advice you would not listen to; my helps you laughed at. Now you will have what you asked for.
例2：以状语开头
Dark and empty, the house looked very different from the way I remembered it.
例3：以副词开头
Too often, students stray into the habit of cheating on tests.
例4：以表语开头
Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort.
例5：以同位语开头
Air, water and oxygen, everything that is necessary for life.
例6：以短语修饰语开头
1) 以分词短语开头
Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades, Manchester took flight for the pacific islands.
2) 以介词短语开头
To me the news was very interesting, but to my wife very boring.
3) 以不定式短语开头
To pass the exam, you should work very hard.
生命中不能承受之“长短句”
长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句，由于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中，建议最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。
真题例句回放
1．Unfortunately it is all taking longer than expected and I have been having problems with getting things to fit properly. This has meant a lot of banging and hammering.(C5例句)
2．Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of “fairness” is not the issue.(C6例句)
3．Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect.(C7例句)
4．But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.(C7例句)
5．Some educationalists think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourages pupils to concentrate on their studies. This is probably true to some extent.(C8例句)
6．Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them. They may also gain a better understanding of other cultures.(C9例句)
典型示例
(1) We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.
(2) There are many trees along the streets.
(3) There is a clean river in the city.
(4) There are many fishes in the river.
(5) There are willow trees on the one side.
(6) There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.
(7) There are many flowers on them.
本段话中的7个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七、八词左右，十分单调。下面是修改后的句子：
(1) Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener.
(2) Green trees line the streets.
(3) A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound.
(4) On the one side stand rows of willow trees.
(5) On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.
改写后的这段文字，有长句(1) 、(3) 、(5) ，也有短句(2) 和(4) ，一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅句子长短交叉，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。总而言之，句式有张有弛，方显水平。
那些年我们一起追过的“倒装结构”
英语的基本句型是S+V+O，如果偶尔打破常规，改变某一成分的位置，不仅可以丰富句型，而且能强调、突出被倒装的部分，收到意想不到的表达效果。
真题例句回放
雅思剑桥系列即剑4至剑9的写作中各给出6篇由examiner提供的MODEL ANSWER，共36篇。在这36篇MODEL ANSWER中并未找到含有倒装结构的例句。但是，如果因此而觉得examiner并“不待见”倒装结构就大错特错了。相反，倒装句句型在考生的雅思写作中并不常见，所以考生如果能把倒装句恰当的应用到雅思写作中就会产生一种意想不到的效果。
典型示例
例1： Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn't careful enough to make sure that he really did understand.
全句有4个谓语动词：has，does realize，wasn't和did understand。其中主句的动词是does realize。本句话是以only开头的强调句，其所强调的是when引导的条件状语从句。第二个that引导的是realize的宾语从句。第二个that引导的是make sure的宾语从句。
例2：Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
全句有3个谓语动词：were，should have和should not hesitate。其中主句的动词是：should not hesitate。本句是一个条件式虚拟倒装句。前半部分是一个if引导的条件状语从句，按照正常语序为：If it were left to me to decide…。whether引导的是decide的宾语从句。
例3： Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”.
全句有3个谓语动词：comes，are和 are。其中主句的动词是：comes，两个are是that引导的主语feeling的同位语从句中的两个并列谓语。为了避免造成头重脚轻的感觉，主句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序句子主干应该为：A social feeling of agreement…comes out of our emotional experience with objects and events. 由介词短语引导的倒装句也是可以让雅思写作拿高分的句型，十分有用。
例4： Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848.
全句只有1个谓语动词：is。本句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：The outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848, is quite different. 介词短语like those of…作为后置定语修饰insurrections，其中为了省略而使用those代替the insurrections.
例5： Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.
全句有2个谓语动词：was和would be。整句话由两个简单句构成，其中第一个简单句是一个完全倒装句，按照正常语序应该是：The idea of Saturday afternoon cricket was perhaps worse.
总之，英语的句式是多种多样的，只要从要表达的内容出发合理选用，文章的句式就会富于变化。切记：既要懂得每一类型的句式结构，又要得体、恰当地应用在写作中，这才是王道。