二、2012年专四完形填空真题与解析
【真题操练】
PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]
The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disastersin living memory. It was a (31)______ underwater quake and occurred in the IndianOcean. It (32)______coastlines, communities and brought death to many people.
Why do earthquakes happen?
The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving (33) ______(although very slowly) and has done so for billions of years. This is one (34)______ofearthquakes, when one section of the earth (tectonic plate) (35)______ another.Scientists can predict where but not (36) ______ this might happen and the area betweenplates is called a fault line. On one fault line in Kobe, Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed. (37)______ , earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, (38)______ is why they are so dangerous and (39)______
Where do volcanoes happen?
Volcanoes happen where the earth’s (40)______is thin: lava, dust and gases(41)______from beneath the earth.They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt, (42)______they can be so violent (43)______ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning. There are 1511 (44)______ “”volcanoes in the world. This means that they may (45)______ be dangerous. In 1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted.The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud (46)______the town below. Twenty thousand people died.
Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable. We regularly do not know when they (47) ______ pen, or (48)______ where they will happen.In the future, scientists may be able to watch and predict (49) ______before they happen. This could (50)______ many lives.
31. A. massive B. significant C. great D. grand
32. A. changed B. converted C. destroyed D. transformed
33. A. frequently B. continuously C. regularly D. periodically
34. A. source B. reason C. movement D. cause
35. A. collides with B. confronts with C. meets with D. faces with
36. A. how B. why C. when D. what
37. A. Generally B. However C. Similarly D. Anyway
38. A. that B. it C. this D. which
39. A. unpredictable B. unaccountable C. inevitable D. irresistible
40. A. surface B. appearance C. crust D. cover
41. A. flowed out B. burst out C. leaked out D. trickled out
42. A. or B. and C. nor D. but
43. A. like B. for C. as D. that
44. A. living B. active C. alive D. live
45. A. relatively B. hardly C. still D. gradually
46. A. down B. on C. across D. beyond
47. A. are to B. should C. must D. might
48. A. else B. even C. though D. whether
49. A. accidents B. incidents C. occasions D. events
50. A. rescue B. save C. preserve D. shelter
【文章大意】
本篇为说明文,主要介绍了两种自然灾害以及其特点。
第一部分(1):2004年发生的大地震造成了巨大损失。
第二部分(2~3):地震的成因。
第三部分(4~5):哪些地方会形成火山。
第四部分(6):自然灾害通常不可预测。
【答案详解】
31. A 形容词词义辨析。【解析】 “massive”:(尺寸、数量、规模)巨大的,大量的;“significant”:重大的,有意义的; “grand”:宏伟的,豪华的。此处意思为水下大地震,地震的规模大,故选 A。
32. C动词词义辨析。【解析】 “change”:改变; “convert”:转换; “destroy”:毁坏; “transform”:变换;转化。此处意思为地震摧毁了海岸线和居民社区,故选 C。
33. B 副词词义辨析。【解析】 “frequently”:频繁地; “continuously”:连续不断地;“regularly”:定期地;有规律地; “periodically”:定期地;有周期性地。根据常识可知,地壳是在不断运动的,故选 B。
34. D 名词词义辨析。【解析】 “source”:来源;源头; “reason”:理由;动机;“movement”:运动; “cause”:(造成某事发生的)原因。这里句意是指地震形成的原因。故选 D。
35. A 动词词组辨析。【解析】 “collide with”:碰撞;冲突; “confront with”:使面临;“meet with”:相遇; “face with”:面对,面临。此处是指地壳板块相撞,故选 A。
36. C 上下文判断。【解析】根据上下文意思判断,可知此处句意为:科学家能够预测地震将要发生的地点,但不知道何时会发生,故选 C。
37. B 逻辑关系判断。【解析】 “generally”:通常;普遍地; “similarly”:同样地;类似地; “anyway”:无论如何;总之。空白处前一句意为在神户的一条断裂带上发生过一次地震,死了 20万人;空白处后一句意为地震不总只发生在断裂带上。从而可知前后两句关系为转折,故选 B。
38. D 定语从句语法。【解析】非限定性定语从句只能用“ which”引导,故选 D。
39. A 形容词词义辨析。【解析】 “unpredictable”:不可预知的; “unaccountable”:无责任的;不可理解的; “inevitable”:不可避免的; “irresistible”:不可抵抗的。根据空白处前的句子“ earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines”(地震不总只发生在断裂带上)可知,空白处句意为:地震为何如此危险且不可预知。故选 A。
40. C名词词义辨析。【解析】 “surface”:表面;表层; “appearance”:外貌;外观; “crust”:外壳;地壳; “cover”:封面;盖子。只有“ crust”专指地壳,故选 C。
41. B 动词词组辨析。【解析】 “flow out”:流出; “burst out”:突发;爆出; “leak out”:泄露;露出; “trickle out”:涓流出来。根据常识可知:岩浆、火山灰和气体是从地球内部喷发出来的,故选 B。
42. A逻辑关系判断。【解析】空白处前一句意为:他们可能上升形成一个巨大的山形圆锥体,然后喷发;后一句意为:他们可能非常猛烈,会毫无预警地直接从地下喷出。由此可知,前后两句在介绍火山喷发的两种情况,故选 A。
43. D固定结构搭配。【解析】 “so…that…”:如此……以致……。故选 D。
44. B 形容词词义辨析。【解析】 “living”:活着的;逼真的;现存的; “active”:活跃的; “alive”:活泼的;有生气的; “live”:活的;生动的;现场直播的。 “active volcano”:活火山。故选 B。
45. C 副词词义辨析。【解析】 “relatively”:相对地;相当地; “hardly”:几乎不;“still”:仍然;更; “gradually”:逐渐地。前一句说世界上还存在着活火山。空白处句意为:这意味着他们仍然会很危险。故选 C。
46. A 上下文判断。【解析】此空白处句意为:火山岩浆融化了冰川,成吨的泥浆流入山下的城镇。由“ below”可知城镇是在山下的,故选 A。
47. D 上下文判断。【解析】此处意思是:通常我们不知道火山会何时喷发。这里是表推测,可能性,故选 D。
48. B 固定词组搭配。【解析】此处意思是:通常我们不知道火山会何时喷发;甚至也不知道他们会在何地喷发。“or even”为固定搭配,故选 B。
49. D 名词词义辨析。【解析】 “accident”:事故;意外; “incident”:事件;插曲;“occasion”:时机;机会;场合; “event”:事件;项目。此处句意为:在将来,科学家也许能观察、预测到事件的发生。火山喷发是大事件,不是意外或巧合,故选 D。
50. B 动词词义辨析。【解析】 “rescue”:拯救;救援; “save”:节省;解救;挽救;“preserve”:保存;保护;维护; “shelter”:躲避;掩护。 “save one’s life”:挽救生命。故选 B。