前言 Introduction
柬埔寨的吴哥古迹举世闻名,但由于战乱和疏于保护,它于1992年被世界遗产委员会以濒危遗产的形式列入《世界遗产名录》。1993年,联合国教科文组织(以下简称UNESCO)出面,由法国和日本牵头,组织国际上多个国家和国际组织发起拯救吴哥保护行动,并成立了保护吴哥古迹国际协调委员会(International Co-ordinating Committee for the Safeguarding of the Historic Site of Angkor,以下简称ICC),从而揭开了有史以来规模最大的国际文化遗产保护行动的序幕。1995年,为回应世界遗产委员会决议的要求,柬埔寨政府成立了吴哥与暹粒地区保护与管理局(Authority for Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap,以下简称APSARA局),专门负责吴哥古迹及周边地区的保护和发展事宜,进一步完善了吴哥古迹的保护管理体制。
经过多年努力,吴哥古迹于2004年被成功地从《世界濒危遗产名录》中移除,而保护吴哥古迹的国际合作持续开展至今,从中展现出来的多国合作模式和跨学科综合性的保护和发展方法,已使其成为全球范围内文化遗产保护的典范。
中国政府是吴哥国际保护行动最早的发起者和参与者之一,并为此投入了大量的人力和资金,由中国文化遗产研究院具体承担的周萨神庙和茶胶寺保护修复工程也得到了国际社会的普遍好评。目前,由中柬合作开展的吴哥保护新项目,以及由中印两国共同牵头的国际援助柏威夏寺项目也已启动。
本书通过收集和研究APSARA局、ICC及各国参加吴哥国际保护的相关文件与资料,汇总和梳理国内外对于吴哥国际保护的相关研究成果,并对吴哥国际保护项目的重要当事人进行直接的访谈,基本厘清了吴哥古迹国际保护行动的历史与现状,包括APSARA局的成立过程和主要职责,ICC的运作方式,以及各国参加吴哥国际保护的主要特点等。
本书共分上、中、下三篇。上篇介绍了吴哥古迹的基本情况,并对二十余年来吴哥国际保护行动所走过的历程和国内外重要的研究成果进行简要回顾;中篇聚焦APSARA局这一在世界文化遗产保护中具有创造性意义的遗产保护管理机构,梳理其成立以来所走过的路程,总结其在文化遗产保护方面的经验与教训,并对吴哥保护的相关法律法规和重要项目展开专题研究;下篇在研究ICC运作方式及各国队伍援助吴哥古迹特点的基础上,为今后我国承担此类国际援助项目提出建议。此外,本书还把吴哥国际保护行动中的一些重要文件翻译成中文作为附件,包括三次保护与发展吴哥古迹国际会议的宣言和建议,关于APSARA局成立和吴哥保护区划的重要法律文件,以及ICC内部规章、吴哥研究人员行为准则等,以便读者更好地了解吴哥国际保护行动的全貌。
希望本书的出版,能为我国今后参加或主持类似的国际保护项目,以及国内大型文化遗产的保护管理提供参考。
The international programme for safeguarding Angkor Historic Site, with the mode of international assistance through the mechanism of an international coordination committee (ICC-Angkor), and the multidisciplinary method for protecting the site in a sustainable way, has become a real example for cultural heritage protection all over the world.
With the continuous joint efforts from the Cambodian government represented by the Authority for Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap (APSARA Authority), ICC-Angkor, and work teams from more than 30 countries, the international programme is going to welcome its 25th anniversary in 2018. This book is prepared to celebrate this exciting moment.
Through collecting and studying documents and other research materials from the APSARA Authority, ICC, and a number of international work teams, as well as articles written by international peers, and interviewing people engaged in the Angkor programme, this book traces the history of the international programme, and outlines its current situation. It is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the basic information of Angkor Historic Site, and summarizes the 25 years' history of the international programme, as well as important research achievements made both in China and abroad. The second part focuses on the APSARA Authority, which is a pioneering institution for cultural heritage conservation, management and development. This part looks at the history of APSARA Authority, and summarizes the experiences learnt. Meanwhile, thematic studies are made here on some of the important projects, such as the Heritage Management Framework and the Tourism Management Plan. The third part explores the mechanism of ICC-Angkor, as well as the characters of various international work teams, and makes suggestions for China's future international collaboration on cultural heritage.