Lesson 4

听力部分

听力练习

一级练习：小对话［难度系数★］

本课的主题“被雇用者的生活状况”在专业四级和六级听力考试里多次出现。先听两段简单的小对话，试一试！

1. A. Mr. Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake.

B. Mr. Smith is an admirable chief of the Asian Department.

C. Mr. Smith's department is more successful than all the others.

D. Mr. Smith is seldom in his office.

［六级真题］

2. A. plumber

B. construction worker

C. office boy

D. porter

［专业四级真题］

二级练习：听写［难度系数★★］

看看下面的答案（先不要看听力原文）。趁热打铁！把两个小对话跟着录音听写一遍。（录音会以较慢的速度读两遍，每句后您有30秒到1分钟的时间听写。再以较快的速度读第三遍，您可以查缺补漏）开始了……

1. W: ______________________________

M: ______________________________

2. M: ______________________________

W: ______________________________

听力原文如下

1. W: The report says all the departments are making a profit except the Asian Department.

M: Well, Mr. Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department. One more step wrong and he would be removed from that office.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

2. M: Hello, the pipe in my bedroom is leaking. Can you come and get it repaired right away?

W: Well, it depends on how soon I can finish the drains at the office building.

Q: What does the woman do?

听说练习

一级练习：听力选择［难度系数★］

本课主题在较难的专业四级听力段落选择题里出现。以下录音的速度适当放慢了，挑战一下吧！

1. The civil servants held a strike to protest ______.

A. spending cuts

B. reform measures

C. pay cuts

D. low pay

2. The civil servants' strike was staged ______ the general strike.

A. a few days after

B. a few days before

C. a few weeks after

D. a few weeks before

听力原文如下

In Argentina, civil servants held a 24-hour strike yesterday to protest pay cuts of 12-15% for anyone earning more than 1,000 US dollars a month. Public service unions and local teamsters plan to hold the protest rally in front of the government house. The work stoppage comes at the last Friday's general strike when many of Argentina's 12 million workers stayed home after the nation's powerful General Worker Confederation, the nation's largest union group, called a one-day strike to protest spending cuts and free market reforms.

二级练习：复读与背诵［难度系数★★］

第一步：看着上面的文字跟读一遍。录音中读一句停止后，您读一句。

第二步：请自己说出下面句子空白的部分，同声跟读已写出的部分。

第一遍：

In Argentina, civil servants _________________ yesterday to ______________ 12-15% for anyone earning____________________. Public service unions and ___________________ hold the protest rally _______________. The work stoppage comes _________________ when many of Argentina's ________________after the nation's powerful General Worker Confederation, ___________________, called a one-day strike to protest ___________________.

第二遍：

In Argentina, __________ held a 24-hour strike ___________ protest pay cuts of _______________________ more than 1,000 US dollars a month. __________________ local teamsters plan to __________________ in front of the government house. ______________________ at the last Friday's general strike _____________________ 12 million workers stayed home _____________________ General Worker Confederation, the nation's largest union group, _________________________ spending cuts and free market reforms.

第三步：自己试着完整地朗诵一遍。（计时2分钟，朗诵开始…）

词汇与语法

第1组近义词辨析：“放弃…以换取…”

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！

一级练习：［难度系数★］

先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。

* sacrifice

to agree or decide to stop having something that is valuable, especially in order to gain something more important

* trade away

to let someone take a right, advantage etc. from you—use this when you think someone is stupid to do this

* part with

to unwillingly give or sell something that is very important to you

* donate

to give money, or something useful or valuable, in order to help people—use this especially about things that are given by companies or organizations

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来（选词填空时请注意词汇的正确形式，尤其是主被动问题）。

第2组近义词辨析：“引起”

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在8分钟内，请把计时器调到8分钟。计时开始！

一级练习：［难度系数★］

先看简单的英文解释（朗文），体会一下这些词的语境区别。

* give rise to

to be the reason why something happens, especially something bad or unpleasant

* result in

if an action or event results in something, it makes something happen

* lead to

to start a process that finally makes something happen

* bring about

to make something happen, especially a change or an improved situation

* breed

to cause a particular feeling or condition

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

请以最快的速度把以下三栏内容用线连接起来（选词填空时请注意词汇的正确形式，尤其是主被动问题）。

词汇测试

一级练习：［难度系数★］

本课新学的词汇出现在高考、六级考试中。挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在1分钟内，本级测试限时6分钟，请把计时器调到6分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：refer

1. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes.

A. bringing up

B. referring to

C. looking for

D. trying on

［高考真题］

2. It was foolish of him to ______ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.

A. stick to

B. refer to

C. keep to

D. point to

［高考真题］

考查词汇：privilege

3. The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______.

A.efficiency

B. revenues

C. privileges

D. validity

［六级真题］

考查词汇：embarrass

4. The girl's face ______ with embarrassment during the interview when she couldn't answer the tough question.

A. beamed

B. dazzled

C. radiated

D. flushed

［六级真题］

考查词汇：status

5. All these subjects reflect their belief that allowing managers to contribute and to feel powerful and important is a win-win ______ —good for the employees and the organization.

A. circumstance

B. status

C. situation

D. position

［六级真题］

考查词汇：worth

6. In the meantime, the question facing business is whether such research is ______ the costs.

A. worth

B. worth of

C. worthy

D. worthwhile

［六级真题］

二级练习：［难度系数★★］

本课新学的词汇在较难的专业四级、考研考试里出现，挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在2分钟内，本级测试限时6分钟，请把计时器调到6分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：frequent

1. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not obtainable ______.

A. genuinely

B. obviously

C. presumably

D. frequently

［考研真题］

考查词汇：case

2. A gas forms no free surface but intends to diffuse throughout the space available; it must therefore be kept in a closed container, as ______ a planet's atmosphere.

A. in the event of

B. in the case of

C. with a view to

D. with reference to

［专业四级真题］

考查词汇：worthy

3. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ______.

A. invaluable

B. priceless

C. unworthy

D. worthless

［专业四级真题］

三级练习：［难度系数★★★］

本课新学的词汇在需要翻译的难句里出现，挑战一下吧！

临考情境模拟：每题控制在3分钟内，本级测试限时12分钟，请把计时器调到12分钟。计时开始！

考查词汇：white collar workers

1. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.

［四、六级考试阅读长难句］

______________________________

考查词汇：overall

2. If we take the age? and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956（when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent)and weight them by the age-and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.

［四、六级考试阅读长难句］

______________________________

考查词汇：double

3. 到1990年，这一地区的产量有望比1980年翻一番。

［考研翻译真题］

______________________________

考查词汇：human nature

4. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 

［考研翻译真题］

______________________________

语法积累

临考情境模拟：请将本部分学习时间控制在10分钟内，请把计时器调到10分钟。计时开始！

原文：Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

译文：许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，人性就是如此（此乃人之常情）。

• 指示代词：such与that连用，常用作表语。

• 常见结构：S + be such, that S + V

such that用于句首表示强调时，通常须采用倒装结构：Such be + S, that + S + V

• 写作中何时使用：强调表语部分(S + V)时。

语法链接

请依提示填入适当的词并译成中文。

The conditions of society are such, ______ skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.

______________________________

阅读部分

一级练习：［难度系数★］

本课的主题“被雇用者的生活状况”在六级阅读里出现。试一试下面的文章和题目！

临考情境模拟：请在5分钟内读完文章，4分钟内做完题。请把计时器调到9分钟。计时开始！

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own than that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.

Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”

The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.

1. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ______.

A. its returns well compensate for the sacrifices

B. it is rewarded with money, fame and power

C. its goals are spiritual rather than material

D. it is shared by the rich and the famous

2. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ______.

A. customary of the educated to discard ambition in words

B. too late to check ambition once it has been let out

C. dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal

D. impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition

3. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ______.

A. they think of it as immoral

B. their pursuits are not fame or wealth

C. ambition is not closely related to material benefits

D. they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible

4. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ______.

A. secretly and vigorously

B. openly and enthusiastically

C. easily and momentarily

D. verbally and spiritually

写作部分

本课讲述了主人公过着双重生活的故事。1993年的美国电影Mrs. Doubtfire（《窈窕奶爸》）就描述了一个同样过着双重生活的男主人公Daniel Hillard。以下是电影的故事简介，可以作为写作素材积累下来。

写作素材

Daniel Hillard is a struggling father who loses his job in which he does “voices” for a cartoon. When he throws a surprise birthday party for his son, Chris, everything takes a turn for the worst. Daniel's wife, Miranda, has had it with Daniel and wants a divorce. When the divorce hearings arrive, Daniel is denied custody of the children, but is allowed visitations. Seeing his children once a week isn't enough, so Daniel pretends to be Mrs. Doubtfire, an old woman who is hired as the Hillard's housekeeper. Daniel's act turns out to be too good that neither Miranda nor his children recognize him, and in the process, he learns some parenting tips. After leading the double life for months, Daniel creates a whole new life with his entire family.