第56章 PHILOSOPHY(10)

I need not elaborate a point which will meet us again.If I were writing a history of thought in general I should have to notice other writers，though there were none of much distinction，who followed the teaching of Stewart or of his opponents of the Hartley and Darwin school.It would be necessary also to insist upon the growing interest in the physical sciences，which were beginning not only to make enormous advances，but to attract popular attention.For my purpose，however，it is I think sufficient to mention these writers，each of whom had a very special relation to the Utilitarians.I turn，therefore，to Bentham.

NOTES：

1.Published originally in 1778；reprinted in edition of {EPSILON PI EPSILONALPHA}{PI TAU EPSILON RHO OMICRON EPSILON NU TAU ALPHA}or Diversions of Purley，by Richard Taylor (1829)，to which I refer.The first part of the Diversions of Purley appeared in 1786；and the second part (with a new edition of the first)in 1798.

2.Diversions of Purley (1829)，i，12，131.

3.Ibid.ii，362.Locke's work，says Prof.Max Müller in his Science of Thought，p.295，'is，as Lange in his History of Materialism rightly perceived，a critique of language which，together with Kant's Critique of the Pure Reason，forms the starting point of modern philosophy.'See Lange's Materialism，(1873)i，271.

4.Ibid.i，49.

5.Diversions of Purley，i，36，42.

6.Ibid.i，373.

7.Ibid.i，374.

8.Diversions of Purley，ii，18.Cf.Mill's statement in Analysis，i，304，that 'abstract terms are concrete terms with the connotation dropped.'

9.Ibid.ii，9，etc.

10.Ibid.ii，399.

11.Stephens，ii，497.

12.Life of Mackintosh，ii，235-57.

13.Begun for the Encyclopedia Metropolitana in 1818；and published in 1835-37.Dugald Stewart's chief criticism is in his Essays (Works，v，149-188).

John Fearn published his Anti-Tooke in 1820.

14.Nine volumes of Dugald Stewart's works，edited by Sir W.Hamilton，appeared from 1854to 1856；a tenth，including a life of Stewart by J.Veitch，appeared in 1858，and an eleventh，with an index to the whole，in 1860.The chief books are the Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind (in vols.ii，iii and iv，originally in 1792，1814，1827)；Philosophical Essays (in vol.v，originally 1810)；Philosophy of the Active and Moral Powers of Many (vols vi and vii，originally in 1828)；Dissertation on the Progress of Philosophy (in vol.i；originally in Encyclopedia Britannica，in 1815and 1821).The lectures on Political Economy first appeared in the Works，vols.viii and ix.

15.Works，vi.('Preface').

16.Works (Life of Reid)，x，304-8.

17.Reid's Works (Hamilton)，p.302.

18.Reid's Works (Hamilton)，p.88.

19.Ibid.206.

20.Ibid.267.

21.Stewart's remarks on his life of Reid.Reid's Works，p.12，etc.

22.The World as Will and Idea (Haldane &Kemp)，ii，186.Reid's "Inquiry'he adds，is ten times better worth reading than all the philosophy together which has been written since Kant.

23.'We are inspired with the sensation，as we are inspired with the corresponding perception，by means unknown.'--Reid's Works，188.'This，'says Stewart，'is a plain statement of fact.'--Stewart's Works，ii，111-12.

24.See Rosmini's Origin of Ideas (English Translation)i，p.91，where，though sympathising with Reid's aim，he admits a 'great blunder.'

25.Stewart's Works，v.24-53.Hamilton says in a note (p.41)that Jeffrey candidly confessed Stewart's reply to be satisfactory.

26.Ibid.ii.46.

27.Ibid.ii，45-67.

28.Ibid.iii，159.

29.Ibid.v，21.

30.Stewart's Works，ii，165-93；iii，81-97.Schopenhauer (The World as Will and Idea，ii，240)admires Reid's teaching upon this point，and recommends us not 'to waste an hour over the scribblings of this shallow writer'(Stewart).

31.Rosmini's Origin of Ideas (English translation)i，96-176.

32.Ibid.i，147n.

33.Stewart's Works，iv，29，35，35，38，and v，149-88.

34.Ibid.ii，97，etc.and iii.235，289，417.

35.Works，vii，13-34.

36.Ibid.vii，26，etc.

37.Works，iv，265.

38.Ibid.ii，52.

39.Ibid.v，10.

40.Works，ii，155.

41.Ibid.ii，337.

42.Works，vi，46；vii，11.

43.Ibid.vii，46.

44.Ibid.i，357.

45.Works，vi，320.

46.Ibid.vi，279.

47.Ibid.vi，297.

48.Works，vi，295.Cf.v，83.

49.Ibid.vi，298-99.

50.Ibid.v，84.

51.In Works，vi，205-6，he quotes Dumont's Bentham；but his general silence is the more significant，as in the lectures on Political Economy he makes frequent and approving references to Bentham's tract upon usury.

52.Works，vii，236-38.

53.Ibid.vi，221.

54.Works，vi，213.

55.Ibid.vi，199.

56.Works，vi，111.

57.Works，vi，117-18.I have given some details as to Stewarts's suffereing under an English proselyte of Kant in my Studies of a Biographer.