![杨德茂与大成拳](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/986/686986/b_686986.jpg)
大成拳的实作基础功法与技术
大成拳不设套路,但有一系列的技击训练方法,其中单操是很重要很有效的功法。大成拳单操功法有劈拳、钻拳、崩拳、炮拳、横拳等拳式,这些拳式在训练中,要配合很多的内容,如刚柔、松紧、虚实、长短、反侧、高低等拳中要素,再与身法、步法、腿法以及掌法巧妙结合,汇通一体便可使之成为极具攻击力的科学而不失传统的东西。下面介绍一下单操的练习方法。
1.炮拳单操
炮拳单操的出拳路线是呈直线状态稍带弧形,为上盘进击的拳式。炮拳发劲力如火炮,所以称为炮拳。以右式为例,首先以丁八步站好,目视前方假设敌目标。然后两手虚操拳,右臂微曲,肘弯大于90 度,抬至头部右前方,不要过自己的中线。左臂同时抬至自己脸部左外侧,高与肩齐,左臂弯角度为90度直角。左右两拳距离约为20厘米左右。右拳在前,左拳在后,缓慢划弧。在划弧的同时,肩胯要合,手脚要合,肘与膝也要合。然后左拳在前,右拳在后,缓慢划弧。如此反复练习。练时要沉肩坠肘,含胸拔背,发挺腰松。练拳时要注意两拳要打在一个点上,不要东一拳、西一拳,无的放矢。(图80~83)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0112_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-veb9LLWLfnj5rKlt2tVr98iUVF0UH9Eb-0-93de3ed35347c5304e3595e2762f47cf)
图80
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0112_0003.jpg?sign=1734618583-WKraccRZntHnn7JNprKDYzgC05RP2zFe-0-088d1da2387b015000fe5ec79d6d05b9)
图81
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0112_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-pWqLU9vb7xAyPz5qmXMFxGiIA60SIN9D-0-0ca6363085b6a2ef097429715a7c0e7a)
图82
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0112_0004.jpg?sign=1734618583-WlfPMLuVfgBdJ03dR3NWYsfVpV0Lp3Fd-0-7be3715d2525b3d16a47f38bda0a826c)
图83
2.崩拳单操
崩拳是中下盘正面进击的拳式,是力由自己中线发出、攻击对方中线的取中用中的进击之法。崩拳力度直,有猛劲和刚劲,爆发力极强,所以命名为崩拳。以左式为例,丁八步站好。左掌位于自身正前方,距胸部约 60 厘米,掌与胸线同高,五指微屈并自然分开,指向前上方,掌心朝下,指尖高于掌根,左手臂肘弯为钝角。右手半握拳,在自身前方,与脐同高,拳眼朝上,拳锋朝前,小臂不要贴身,也不能太远,距身体约10厘米距离。右肘弯为 90 度直角。左腿往左挪半步,出右拳,右脚随之进步,然后右脚往右挪半步,出左拳,左脚随之进步。如此重复动作。崩拳可打步子拳,如地方狭窄可在室内打定位拳。(图84~87)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0113_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-XqD7h9VoGppc6Av6hpmJL86TKSuf4LeK-0-425da530c42176b0e3e88d95105e0b85)
图84
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0113_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-W8C4elOOot2MANd56jctVYIMoumuql4A-0-5269414a221df703b66782fe06f87926)
图85
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图86
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0114_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-ciVizv7rlcZ5nE69EnAN63ilIYnxe7eq-0-9f02ffe8d13c4a0bcf6aec902f4dbfc3)
图87
3.钻拳单操
钻拳的进击路线,是由下向上的弧形轨迹,在做拳的同时进击手臂应有螺旋力,更应有钻天之意,所以取名曰钻拳。两脚站成丁八步,两眼注视前方,收下颏。运拳时右手置于自身胯左外侧,与耳同高,拳面朝前,右臂肘弯处为90度直角,左臂肘弯略大于90度或90度亦可。拳往上打,胯要下坐,周身上下要有争力。然后反方向左手拳上打。动作要慢不要快。如此反复练习。(图88~91)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0115_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-2hz05IXqPoU0VSdJlRy2R4zeEHj45TMD-0-c0aad96e44ce0b20eecf0474f61429b3)
图88
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0115_0003.jpg?sign=1734618583-XBEmG84hRFX8FqJyVGALlwq2mWG73WCL-0-1623a9f6357e3316ef176c8f46854c6d)
图89
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0115_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-VJ22Xi3neVhpFP4Pse4PZ6D2mtiQpPoY-0-2f5255e35f5f80516f078e5abd794802)
图90
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0115_0004.jpg?sign=1734618583-FLaytVhddg9YoCLp7UIgTRJm6BnX6wqP-0-4e842af8910a40c47ff306fa7f8e6bc5)
图91
4.劈拳单操
此劈拳与形意拳的劈拳不同,虽称为劈拳,但不用拳时以掌来完成它的运动轨迹。劈拳是由上至下运行,有劈砸之意,所以称之为劈拳。以右式为例,以丁八步站好,右手位置在脐部,掌心向下,五指朝前,左手在自身前腰部,手心亦向下,左右手相距20厘米左右。然后两手臂同时慢慢向上抬,至高于自己头顶约10厘米。随后双臂带掌由上向下拍砸,同时后背随身子拔起,上下争力,有对拔拉长之意。动作不可太快,意念要真,身体要松紧自然。如此反复练习。(图92-~95)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0116_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-zmsEr4s4Q54dN9JNnFr4OmXnRbbXZKkJ-0-f1df8ca06990dbfb1bcc86681643fb53)
图92
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0116_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-gcOq1dAKxGMr2MCK741fpizWLfPzuyLW-0-6195a82fb3037c21ef3e6688f8c2d84f)
图93
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图94
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0117_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-dOetfdYE24nxyQEVEXbLqkc1bl4PdwBM-0-b20d288f35c4ea9277b191d3846d2170)
图95
5.横拳单操
横拳是中下盘进击拳式,因技击时,肘、手皆为横向击出,所以命名为横拳。此拳为平行步,按左七右三平步站好,两脚宽度应与肩同宽。随后,左手以掌形抬至头部前上方,手指上指,距肩头约15厘米左右,左手臂肘弯为钝角,目视左前方。右手握拳,位于左肘外侧腰部高度,但不粘身,拳面朝上,右臂肘弯处为直角。右肩在前,左肩在后,然后右拳向前右上方击出,其轨迹为横向弧形,再反方向做左拳动作。要做到松和自然,不用拙力。如此周而复始的慢慢练习。(图96~99)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0118_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-2CJS5B5shcg5puYReQpsODxCP8UobPqs-0-7e53a52e75c7e135cadb24af83064916)
图96
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0118_0003.jpg?sign=1734618583-0xOsoEGWAS6IUFuPk4GGL8vSMUmXX19y-0-37d50418998aad04685df17eab980f6b)
图97
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图98
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图99
6.削掌单操
两脚站成丁八步,左臂伸直,掌心斜向前下方,五指自然分开,高度与肩同齐或略高,左掌放于右肩前,距身体大约15厘米,掌心斜向右方,虎口部位斜向上。然后上身左拧,右掌向下经腹前呈弧形轨迹至左肩前约半尺左右距离,掌心斜向左,虎口斜向上,同时左掌向左做斜向上方的弧形动作。然后再拧身右转,左掌向下经腹前弧形轨迹运行至右肩前的开始状态。与此同时,右掌向右做平行向上的弧形削掌动作。注意要松和自然,不可用拙力。如此反复练习。(图100~103)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0119_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-4MFVIy1pLVYmXxaMmMvcET31BaH6Etgy-0-e098b5c035d91526474d6e408ac9d491)
图100
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0119_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-gRT4G9m2sWlOOeg7PSgs6vObNm6lFsKy-0-3e048e2755e9840bddefc37215ca234b)
图101
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图102
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0120_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-Yk1jYSiiG0xgLISpJYFtI83xkv1XyRAA-0-198f03aa0616dd8300d2035fdf2d2005)
图103
7.掖掌单操
站成丁八步,两臂与身体要弯曲,十指自然分开。随即左掌以弧形轨迹运动至右肩位置,掌心斜向右后方。右臂外拧,掌心向前,劲力不停,然后稍向左拧身,同时以腰胯带动右小臂,促使右掌向前方击出,掌心向上,然后左掌向左下方落下,掌心向前,右掌向后,归至左肩部位。掌心斜向左后方,此劲不停,然后稍向右拧身,同时以腰胯带动左掌向前击出。切不可用拙力。如此反复练习。(图104~107)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0121_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-mfM66gSwU3tVOZ5l1ONfB3Ogt1q7bT7Y-0-16ac7363995d22c53420eac42b0bb9aa)
图104
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0121_0003.jpg?sign=1734618583-DX9TwF4XPp8cdjxgQXqCw3q9KUkbr1cE-0-549b2b8e00ff7fd6b8a71598383d634c)
图105
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图106
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0121_0004.jpg?sign=1734618583-oEOCzhyhu6MvHZSmmFLtIIb9YzfLLyT4-0-f1d97a4def2a1c6c9fff5d5054826618)
图107
8.栽锤单操
以丁八步站好,以左拳护住自己面部中线。吊起右肘,以右肩催肘,以肘催拳,由上往下做栽拳的动作。拳眼向内,待右拳上升到脐上位置,拧身,反向做左拳动作。可定位练习,也可活步练习。反复练习。 (图108-~111)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0122_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-OhaMEJUUnOMwXJIc6eKIt1A7ZYdGTS5m-0-0159cbc65bb964b93f210a74953023f2)
图108
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0122_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-f0qvGWGtEQeM4Q0mgN2LNLPOqT87P1bs-0-669ae7c918823bebb3b71fba1221f90d)
图109
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0123_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-eTPvg8bHL5VYxDV6scHfHweAAU6U9K9d-0-54532a9a424b2ef9956a3b9eeae8ec89)
图110
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图111
9.圈锤单操
此功站式为平行步,按左脚三分力、右脚七分力的比重站好身位。然后两臂左右分开,左手出掌置于自身右肩上方,护住中线与头部,右手握拳,置于自身右肩略朝外一点,拳面朝后,肘弯成钝角。然后左臂向上向前再向右做弧形运动,随后右拳向上向前再向左做弧形运动。如此左右交替,反复向左右抡拳,不要用拙力,抡拳时要慢不要快,头要上顶,下颏要收,项要竖,胯要坐。向左抡拳时,右腿要屈,向右抡拳时,左腿要屈,同时膝关节要上提,两足要下踩,意念中要有拔地欲飞之势。(图112~115)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0124_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-Az96MJumynXNpCDLz9T5Kg9EPuK5KOZA-0-2b5bcf0aabd9da2c0b2b83c3c5f84a7e)
图112
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0124_0003.jpg?sign=1734618583-gEeUCVYjterNo62qiuqNMaTZ9FJkOtXV-0-ae352fba7e43f8b951580aa1be9d3c85)
图113
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0124_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-3zXrbMI02smUqxHSiuEuAjER1YfA7U6l-0-bc62b899d1366783630d561dbb67af80)
图114
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0124_0004.jpg?sign=1734618583-anJytKnW3F4PW0UsmykHmGuyflMQ7pyR-0-e4558b9fb6038362dd9394ab334348af)
图115
10.穿堂脚单操
下盘成丁八步站定。两手朝前,一前一后,一上一下,堵住自己中线,然后将自己重心移至左腿,抬起右腿向前蹬出,脚心朝前脚尖朝上。用劲时要以右胯催膝催足,待右腿完成动作落地后,再将重心移至右腿,用左脚向前蹬出,如此反复练习。注意不要用笨拙之力,要有虚灵顶劲、力撑八方之意,才能稳如山岳,腿足发力才能透劲十足。(图116~119)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0125_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-wSlYoqXnMA95DsR5CfwowS4n2GIxRvA8-0-de7030972b80c33aef037a2b5bb6c3ce)
图116
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0125_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-9jCJqNQDAuy0XPRYOl5ZBH3lHWHSFKhT-0-02b8c32d20faa567b5b575ac0fdbc2f6)
图117
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0126_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-s78CdZ14GrkKIDbiVC12R8tYOxUoPDtN-0-35c1e98098b4b329579032899a2c6b5b)
图118
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0126_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-8TYrCaRLFkT3fcsgEZaiOwP11tB0tG2e-0-35c9766ff48b62126313e775f9f7f225)
图119
11.蛇形腿单操
以丁八步站好,两眼斜视下前方,两手左右分开,左肩高,右肩低,肩高于肘,肘低于腕。十指自然分开,手指呈斜面前指。然后左脚向左横向迈出一步,右腿相随,右脚擦地向前踢出右腿,踢出路线应为弧形。然后右腿向右横迈一步,左腿相随,左脚擦地向前踢出左腿,踢出路线应为弧形。如此反复练习。练此功时,最好找一棵直径20 ~30厘米粗的小树或木桩作为踢击目标,以增加训练程度。(图120~123)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0127_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-mvf68D7R9eYhuQZWAhUJPOsz7LAJo9vM-0-a73131cc382dac98f2ab39e0cdd80f91)
图120
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0127_0003.jpg?sign=1734618583-NuyiPRJgUGeyZQtVJzOp3Ab8SuvQHEn3-0-7d15acf8300908592db62d159f877d10)
图121
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0127_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-L9sbtOuB6kylv4sbGcHbBx4xeU8ShOu2-0-71918c5ac5550143c14e7bd78335801c)
图122
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0127_0004.jpg?sign=1734618583-7MdQri6WVzk22F2vIePcw9ePKESJAi81-0-27b2be7a61de12732625e3b580f42372)
图123
12.转环腿单操
以丁八步站好,两手高举护住头部中线。左脚略向前垫一小步,着地后,重心立即移至左腿,上身向左拧,提右胯催动右脚,由右外侧向内做弧形勾脚踢法。两手左右分撑。右脚着地后,将身体重心移至右腿,两手归位护住头部,身体往右拧身转动,提左胯催动左脚由左外侧向内做弧形勾脚踢法,如此反复练习。此种腿法应以速动力功方式进行,待功深后再慢慢操练,否则初学者会因站不稳而影响练功效果。(图124~127)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0128_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-wqfneckAni4QRQtDVzG7foKGZqJbCIVO-0-af75455c10b5b7b02d1ff2bf2fc2b3a6)
图124
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0128_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-31eISEorXz0tLIa4YKG7sb3KfxLfLkIU-0-b4ac35f67c64732f7370089b03922623)
图125
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0129_0001.jpg?sign=1734618583-SAZFlvUBQQQjRX54oHrjV590UmUBwEHD-0-c2e07f2a6c30f95fa2ecd0357f0c4269)
图126
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9CD85B/3590489403324801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0129_0002.jpg?sign=1734618583-CqZF8OOuKpa3XDm0ACiLx5r9K9MycCbu-0-aaf04a7a92b2b4d57c16795bfb20cfd8)
图127